42,772 articles
Numerical algebraic geometry
Numerical algebraic geometry (NAG) is a tool set for approximating solutions to polynomial equation systems using numerical algorithms, initiated by Andrew Sommese and Charles Wampler.
Numerical analysis
Numerical analysis, also called numerical computation or numerical mathematics, is the study of methods used to obtain approximate solutions to mathematical problems, together with their analysis for accuracy, stability, and speed.
Numerical aperture
Numerical aperture (NA) is a dimensionless number in optics that characterizes the range of angles over which an optical system accepts or emits light, governing resolution in microscopy.
Numerical continuation
Numerical continuation, also known as homotopy continuation, is a family of numerical methods that traces solution curves of parameterized nonlinear equations as a parameter varies, forming the basis of bifurcation analysis.
Numerical integration
Numerical integration, also called numerical quadrature, computes definite integrals approximately when no closed-form antiderivative exists, by summing weighted samples of the integrand at chosen points.
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations, also called numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, are algorithms that approximate solutions step by step, judged by accuracy, stability, and cost.
Numerical methods for partial differential equations
Numerical methods for partial differential equations replace PDEs, rarely solvable in closed form, with finite algebraic systems, chiefly finite difference, finite element, finite volume, and spectral methods.
Numerical methods in numerical relativity
The numerical methods in numerical relativity solve Einstein's equations on computers using high-order finite differences and spectral methods, plus adaptive mesh refinement, to simulate merging black holes.
Numerical model of the Solar System
A numerical model of the Solar System is a computer integration of the gravitational equations of motion for the Sun, planets, and other bodies, used to produce ephemerides for spacecraft navigation.
Numerical relativity
Numerical relativity is the branch of computational physics that numerically solves Einstein's field equations for spacetimes too complex for exact solutions, such as black hole and neutron star mergers.
Numerical solution of decay networks
Numerical solution of decay networks covers the computational methods for stiff coupled decay equations, including CRAM, matrix exponentials, implicit solvers, and depletion codes like ORIGEN.
Numerical stability
Numerical stability is the property of an algorithm whose rounding errors and small input perturbations do not grow unboundedly, central to scientific computing and numerical linear algebra.
Numerical weather prediction
Numerical weather prediction, also called numerical weather forecasting, is a method in which computers solve the equations governing the atmosphere to predict future weather from current observations.
NuMI
NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector) is a high-intensity muon neutrino beamline at Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois, completed in 2005, serving the MINOS, MINERvA, and NOvA experiments.
NumPy
NumPy, or Numerical Python, is the primary open-source array programming library for Python, first released in 2006 and serving as the foundation of the scientific Python ecosystem.
Nuna (supercontinent)
Nuna, also known as Columbia or Hudsonland, is a hypothesized supercontinent assembled from most of Earth's ancient continental cores between roughly 1.9 and 1.6 billion years ago, preceding Rodinia and Pangaea.
Nunatak
A nunatak (Inuktitut nunataq) is a rocky crag or small mountain surrounded by a glacier or ice sheet, found in Greenland and Antarctica and used to date past ice thickness.
Nuno Loureiro
Nuno Loureiro was a Portuguese plasma physicist known for work on magnetic reconnection, who led MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center until his killing in December 2025.
Nuno Maulide
Nuno Maulide, born 1979 in Lisbon, is a Portuguese organic chemist who has held the Chair of Organic Synthesis at the University of Vienna since 2013.
Nuno Santos (Portuguese astrophysicist)
Nuno Santos is a Portuguese astrophysicist and full professor at the University of Porto who studies exoplanets, co-leads the ESPRESSO spectrograph, and won the 2010 Ambartsumian prize.
Nurcin Celik
Nurcin Celik is an industrial and systems engineer at the University of Miami and a 2014 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.
Nusselt number
The Nusselt number (Nu) is a dimensionless number in heat transfer defined as Nu = hL/k, the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer across the same length scale.
Nutation
Nutation is a small periodic nodding of Earth's rotation axis, superimposed on its 26,000-year precession, caused by the gravitational torque of the Sun and Moon.
Nutrient criteria
Nutrient criteria are numerical water quality values for total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and response variables like chlorophyll a, set to prevent and assess eutrophic conditions.
Nutrient spiraling
Nutrient spiraling is the cycling of nutrients in streams and rivers, where uptake and mineralization combine with downstream transport to trace a spiral path, formalized in 1981.
NV-center magnetic imaging
NV-center magnetic imaging maps magnetic fields near a sample surface using nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond as quantum sensors read out optically, reaching nanometer spatial resolution at room temperature.
NV-center nanoscale magnetometry
NV-center nanoscale magnetometry is a quantum sensing technique that measures magnetic fields using the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond, with nanometer-scale resolution in air at room temperature.
NVIDIA Flex
NVIDIA Flex, styled FleX, is a particle-based simulation library from NVIDIA for real-time visual effects, representing rigid bodies, fluids, cloth, rope, and gases as particles solved on the GPU.
NVivo
NVivo is a qualitative data analysis software package for coding and querying text, multimedia, and survey data, developed by QSR International of Melbourne, Australia, now part of Lumivero.
NY Vir
NY Vir (PG 1336-018) is a 2.4-hour eclipsing binary of a pulsating subdwarf B star and an M5 dwarf in Virgo, with two claimed circumbinary giant planets detected by eclipse timing and flagged controversial.