42,772 articles
PandaX
PandaX (Particle AND Astrophysical Xenon Detector) is a series of liquid-xenon experiments searching for dark matter 2,400 meters underground at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory in Sichuan, China.
Panel cointegration
Panel cointegration methods test whether variables observed for many units over many time periods share long-run equilibrium relationships, and estimate the coefficients of those relationships.
Panel method
The panel method is a numerical technique of computational aerodynamics that solves for inviscid flow around a body by covering its surface with panels of sources, doublets, or vortices.
Panel quantile regression
Panel quantile regression estimates conditional quantile effects in longitudinal data while accounting for individual-specific heterogeneity, using penalized fixed effects, two-step, minimum distance, and QRPD estimators.
Panel Study of Income Dynamics
The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), run by the University of Michigan since 1968, is the longest running longitudinal household survey, tracking US families and their descendants.
Panel survey
A panel survey is a longitudinal survey design in which the same individuals or households are interviewed on several occasions, so change is measured within each unit rather than inferred from new samples.
Panel threshold model
The panel threshold model is a panel data regression method in which coefficients switch between regimes when a threshold variable crosses an unknown cutoff, introduced by Bruce Hansen in 1999.
Pangaea
Pangaea, also spelled Pangea, was the supercontinent that assembled most of Earth's land about 300 million years ago and broke apart beginning about 201 million years ago.
Pangaea Proxima
Pangaea Proxima, originally named Pangea Ultima, is a hypothesized future supercontinent in which the Atlantic closes and the continents reassemble, projected to form 200 to 250 million years from now.
Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, also called the Carpathian Basin or Kárpát-medence, is a large sedimentary basin centered on Hungary, formed as a back-arc basin during the Miocene.
Pannotia
Pannotia, also known as the Vendian supercontinent, is a hypothetical supercontinent that may have formed around 600 million years ago, with Gondwana at its core and Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia attached.
Panta Rhei (hydrology)
Panta Rhei, Greek for "everything flows," was the second Scientific Decade of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, running from 2013 to 2022 to study change in hydrology and society.
Panta rhei (πάντα ῥεῖ) (doctrine)
Panta rhei (πάντα ῥεῖ, "everything flows") is the traditional slogan for Heraclitus' doctrine of universal flux, though the phrase never appears in his surviving fragments.
Pantheon supernova sample
The Pantheon supernova sample is a 2018 compilation of 1048 Type Ia supernovae, assembled by Dan Scolnic and colleagues to measure cosmic distances and constrain dark energy.
Pantoprazole
Originally approved by the FDA in 2001 under the brand name Protonix, Pantoprazole is a sodium salt proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, gastric, and duodenal ulcers.
Pao Ming Pu
Pao Ming Pu (蒲保明, 1910–1988) was a Chinese differential geometer who proved Pu's inequality and later founded topology and fuzzy topology research at Sichuan University.
Pao-Lu Hsu
Pao-Lu Hsu (许宝騄) was a Chinese mathematician who founded the teaching and research of probability and statistics in China, introducing complete convergence with Herbert Robbins in 1947.
Paola Barbara
Paola Barbara is an Italian-American experimental condensed matter physicist who chairs the Physics Department at Georgetown University, known for research on atomically thin materials including graphene and MoS2.
Paola Loreti
Paola Loreti is an Italian mathematician, full professor of mathematical analysis at Sapienza University of Rome, working in control theory, partial differential equations, and number theory.
Paolo D’Odorico
Paolo D’Odorico is an ecohydrologist and the Thomas J. Graff Professor of Natural Resources at the University of California, Berkeley, known for work on desertification and virtual water trade.
Paolo de Bernardis
Paolo de Bernardis, born in Firenze in 1959, is an Italian experimental astrophysicist at Sapienza University of Rome whose BOOMERanG balloon experiment provided evidence for a flat universe.
Paolo Falcaro
Paolo Falcaro is an Italian materials chemist and professor at Graz University of Technology known for positioning metal–organic framework crystals and for MOF enzyme biocomposites.
Paolo Melchiorre
Paolo Melchiorre is an Italian organic chemist, professor at the University of Bologna since 2022, known for light-driven enantioselective organocatalysis and the 2021 RSC Pedler Award.
Paolo Samorì
Paolo Samorì (born 1971) is an Italian chemist working on supramolecular chemistry, organic electronics, and 2D materials, directing the Nanochemistry Laboratory at the Université de Strasbourg.
Paper analytical device
A paper analytical device (PAD) is a paper test card with twelve reagent lanes that screens pharmaceutical tablets for identity and quality in about seven minutes without power or lab equipment.
Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography is an analytical technique that separates mixture components on filter paper using a moving solvent. It is a form of partition chromatography.
Paper spray ionization
Paper spray ionization (PSI) is an ambient mass spectrometry method introduced at Purdue University in 2010 that ionizes analytes on paper with solvent and high voltage.
Paper spray mass spectrometry
Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an ambient ionization method in which a wetted, voltage-biased paper triangle holding the sample produces ions directly for analysis.
Paperclip maximizer
The paperclip maximizer is an AI safety thought experiment introduced by philosopher Nick Bostrom in 2003, where an AI making paperclips consumes everything, including humanity.
Paperwork Reduction Act
The Paperwork Reduction Act is a United States federal law, enacted in 1980, that requires federal agencies to obtain Office of Management and Budget approval before collecting information from the public.