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South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands: maritime Antarctic island group in the Scotia Sea, discovered December 1821 by George Powell and Nathaniel Palmer; home to Signy Research Station (BAS), Orcadas Base, and the 94,000 km2 South Orkney southern shelf MPA, the first international MPA under CCAMLR.
South Pagai
South Pagai, Indonesian Pulau Pagai Selatan, is the southernmost of the four main inhabited Mentawai Islands off Sumatra, Indonesia, and was struck by a deadly tsunami in 2010.
South Sandwich Islands
South Sandwich Islands: uninhabited UK Overseas Territory volcanic arc (11 islands, ~350 km) in the South Atlantic, 1,600 km from South America and Antarctica; named by Cook in 1775; disputed by Argentina.
South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands: Antarctic archipelago north of the Antarctic Peninsula across the Bransfield Strait, at 62–63°S. Discovered by William Smith in 1819; nine major islands including King George, Livingston and volcanic Deception Island.
South Uist
South Uist (Uibhist a Deas) is a 36,467 ha island in the southern Outer Hebrides, Scotland, linked to Benbecula by causeway, known for machair landscapes, Cladh Hallan mummies, brochs, Norse sites, kelp-era clearance and crofting.
Southampton Island
Southampton Island (Salliq, ᓴᓪᓕᖅ) is the largest island in Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada, at 64°20′N 84°40′W. Its sole community is Coral Harbour; it was home to the Sallirmiut, hosts a 93,087 km² marine Area of Interest, and shows high summer phytoplankton productivity.
Southern Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands: the southern of the two Cook Islands groups, nine islands including Rarotonga (capital Avarua), Aitutaki, and makatea islands Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke, Mitiaro; volcanic, populous, Marae Moana reserve.
Spaatz Island
Spaatz Island, also rendered Спаатс (Russian) and Spaatzøya (Norwegian), is an ice-covered Antarctic island at 73°12'S 75°00'W on the English Coast, named for General Carl Spaatz and forming the eastern boundary of Stange Ice Shelf.
Spinalonga (Σπιναλόγκα)
Spinalonga (Σπιναλόγκα), also Kalydon or "spina lunga", is a fortified islet in Elounda harbour, Crete: Venetian bastion fortress 1579-1715, Ottoman town to 1897, Greek leper colony 1903-1957, now an archaeological site.
Spit (landform)
Spit (landform): a sand or gravel ridge attached to the mainland at one end, built by longshore drift; also called barrier spit. Distinguished from tombolos and barrier islands by its free distal end, recurved hooks, and river-mouth breaching cycles.
Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen, also called West Spitsbergen before 1969, is the largest island of Norway's Svalbard archipelago at 37,673 km², named by Willem Barentsz in 1596, home to Longyearbyen, and governed under the 1920 Svalbard Treaty.
Spratly Islands (南沙群岛)
Spratly Islands (南沙群岛, Nansha Qundao; Truong Sa): coral reef archipelago in the southern South China Sea claimed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei; a 2016 UNCLOS tribunal ruled no feature generates an EEZ.
St Michael's Mount
St Michael's Mount (Karrek Loos yn Koos) is a Cornish tidal island off Marazion with a medieval castle and former Benedictine priory of Mont-Saint-Michel, now a National Trust site and St Aubyn family home reached by causeway or boat.
St. George Island (Florida)
St. George Island is a roughly 20-mile barrier island in Franklin County on Florida's Panhandle, fronting Apalachicola Bay, reached by the 1965 Bryant G. Patton Bridge, with Dr. Julian G. Bruce St. George Island State Park on its eastern nine miles.
St. Lawrence Island
St. Lawrence Island is an island in the northern Bering Sea, closer to Russia than mainland Alaska, home to about 1,700 Yupik people in Gambell and Savoonga.
St. Matthew Island
Saint Matthew Island is an uninhabited volcanic island in the north-central Bering Sea, part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge with Hall and Pinnacle islands. Known for McKay's bunting, million-plus seabirds, the 1944 reindeer introduction that peaked near 6,000 before collapsing, and a peat-core record of Bering Sea sea ice.
St. Simons, Georgia
St. Simons Island, Georgia: the largest and most populated of the Golden Isles barrier islands in Glynn County, never privately owned, with about 16,800 residents, a historic 1810 lighthouse, and an armored, eroding oceanfront.
Staniel Cay
Staniel Cay is a small Exuma Cays island in the Bahamas, about 75 miles south of Nassau, home to Staniel Cay Yacht Club (founded 1956), Thunderball Grotto, and the nearby Big Major Cay swimming pigs.
Stanley Island
Stanley Island (Antarctica): an island off Heros Peninsula on the Foyn Coast, western Cabinet Inlet, Antarctic Peninsula; 3.2 km long, 520 m high, at 66°31′54″S 63°40′24″W, distinct from Stanley Islands in Australia, Canada, and Chile.
Starbuck Island
Starbuck Island, also known as Volunteer Island, is an uninhabited coral atoll in the southern Line Islands of Kiribati, once mined for guano and home to millions of sooty terns.
Stefansson Island
Stefansson Island is an uninhabited island in Nunavut's Canadian Arctic Archipelago, northeast of Victoria Island; about 4,463 km², flat lowland, named in 1952 for explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson.
Stewart Island / Rakiura
Stewart Island (Rakiura), New Zealand's third-largest island, lies 30 km south of Bluff across Foveaux Strait, covers about 1,680 km², is 85% Rakiura National Park, and had 500 residents in 2025.
Store Koldewey
Store Koldewey ("Big Koldewey"), also Koldewey Island, is an uninhabited 90 km-long island off northeastern Greenland, largest of the Koldewey Islands, separating Dove Bugt from the Greenland Sea; named after Karl Koldewey of the 1869–70 German expedition.
Straumøya
Straumøya (also Straumoya) is a 29.7 km² island in Bodø Municipality, Nordland, Norway, in Saltfjorden south of Bodø, bounded by Sundstraumen and Saltstraumen, crossed by Fylkesvei 17; distinct from namesake islands in Frøya and Smøla.
Sudest Island
Sudest Island, also Tagula or Vanatinai, is the largest island of the Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea; home of the Sudest (Tagula) language and site of the 1888 Australian gold rush.
Sugarloaf Island
Sugarloaf Island: name of several small islands, notably a seabird-rich islet off Clarence Island, South Shetland Islands (61°11'S 54°00'W), and a monitored living-shoreline island at Morehead City, North Carolina.
Sulawesi
Sulawesi (Celebes), large Indonesian island in Wallacea west of the Wallace Line, famed for endemic wildlife, million-year archaeology, the Gowa sultanate, the 2018 Palu earthquake, and its dominant nickel industry.
Sumatra
Sumatra (Sumatera), westernmost of Indonesia's Great Sunda Islands: 178,338 sq mi, about 46 million people, oil, gas, palm oil and coal exports, Sunda megathrust earthquakes including the 2004 M9.1, and the endangered Tropical Rainforest Heritage.
Sumba
Sumba (Pulau Sumba), an island in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, known for its living megalithic Marapu tomb tradition, Sandelwood horses, and its Iconic Island renewable energy program.
Sumbawa
Sumbawa is an Indonesian island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, West Nusa Tenggara, between Lombok and Flores, home to Mount Tambora, source of the 1815 largest explosive eruption, and the proposed Samota economic zone.