55 articles
Lava River Cave
Lava River Cave near Bend, Oregon, also called Dillman Cave, is a mile-long lava tube in Newberry National Volcanic Monument, formed about 65,000 years ago, Oregon's longest uncollapsed lava tube, holding 42°F year-round; distinct from the Arizona namesake near Flagstaff.
Leviathan Cave
Leviathan Cave (Grotte de Leviathan) is Kenya's Chyulu Hills lava tube, Africa's longest at about 12.5 km and 470 m deep, discovered 1975 by Jim Simons; a shorter Nevada namesake cave also exists.
List of lava tubes
List of lava tubes: notable volcanic tunnel caves including Kazumura Cave, Hawaii (world's longest), Geomunoreum on Jeju, La Corona in Lanzarote, Nāhuku, ice caves, and lunar, Martian, and Venusian candidates.
Manjanggul
Manjanggul Cave Park centers on Manjanggul (만장굴), a 7.4 km lava tube on Jeju Island, South Korea, and the main cave of the UNESCO-listed Geomunoreum Lava Tube System.
Moulin (geomorphology)
Moulin (glacier mill, pothole): a nearly vertical water-worn shaft in a glacier draining surface meltwater into englacial and subglacial drainage; catchments of 1–5 km², depths from 30–40 m in alpine glaciers to 500–1000 m in Greenland, controlling meltwater delivery to the bed.
Movile Cave
Movile Cave (Peștera Movile) is a sealed, thermally warmed cave near Mangalia, Romania, discovered in 1986 and powered entirely by chemoautotrophic microbes rather than sunlight.
Nutty Putty Cave
Nutty Putty Cave, a hydrothermal limestone cave near Elberta, Utah County, Utah, discovered in 1960 by Dale Green; sealed with concrete in December 2009 after John Edward Jones died trapped upside down, his body unrecovered inside.
Oakhurst Rock Shelter
Oakhurst Rock Shelter is a Later Stone Age archaeological site in a sandstone cliff on the Klein Keurbooms River in South Africa's southern Cape, with about 12,000 years of deposits and 46 burials.
Paradise Ice Caves
Paradise Ice Caves were glacier caves in Paradise Glacier on Mount Rainier, Washington, a popular park attraction; 8.23 miles mapped by 1978, then destroyed by glacier retreat and gone by the 2010s.
Postojna Cave
Located in southwestern Slovenia, Postojna Cave (Postojnska jama) is a 24-kilometer karst cave system formed by the sinking Pivka River and recognized as a hotspot of subterranean biodiversity.
Rock shelter
A rock shelter is a shallow, open recess beneath a rocky overhang at the base of a cliff, long used by humans for shelter, work, art, and burial.
Rosh HaNikra grottoes (מערות ראש הנקרה)
The Rosh HaNikra grottoes (מערות ראש הנקרה) are sea caves worn by the Mediterranean into white chalk cliffs on Israel's northern coast, near the border with Lebanon.
Ruby Falls
Ruby Falls is a 145-foot underground waterfall inside Lookout Mountain in Chattanooga, Tennessee, discovered in 1928 by Leo Lambert during elevator shaft drilling and opened as a show cave in 1930, named for his wife Ruby.
Ryūgū-dō
Ryūgū-dō is a Japanese sea cave named for Ryūgū, the undersea palace of the sea dragon in the Urashima Tarō legend, on the coast of Shikoku.
Scărișoara Cave
Scărișoara Cave (Peștera Scărișoara), an ice cave in Romania's Apuseni Mountains at 1,165 m, hosts a 100,000 m³, 22.5 m thick perennial ice block used as a paleoclimate archive.
Sea cave
Sea cave (littoral cave): a hollow eroded in a coastal cliff by wave attack along faults, joints, or soft layers; part of the cave-arch-stack erosion sequence, distinct from dissolutional flank margin caves.
Sea caves of the Na Pali Coast
The sea caves of the Na Pali Coast are wave-cut caverns and collapsed lava tubes in Kauai's basalt cliffs, Hawaii, including Waiahuakua and the Open Ceiling Cave.
Solutional cave
Solutional cave (solution cave, karst cave): natural cavity formed when carbonic or sulfuric acid water dissolves limestone, dolomite, marble, gypsum, or halite along joints and bedding; Mammoth Cave exceeds 400 miles.
Subglacial channel
A subglacial channel is a conduit carrying meltwater at a glacier bed, melted upward into the ice (an R-channel) or eroded downward into bedrock (a Nye channel).
Supraglacial lake
Supraglacial lakes are meltwater ponds on glacier and ice-sheet surfaces in Greenland and Antarctica. They store runoff, drain by hydrofracture or overflow, modulate ice flow, and can trigger ice-shelf breakup.
Surtshellir
Surtshellir is a lava tube cave about 1,600 m long in the Hallmundarhraun lava field of western Iceland, containing a Viking Age archaeological site once thought an outlaw shelter.
Talus cave
A talus cave is a pseudokarst cave formed in voids among blocks moved by gravity, in rockfall, scree, and landslide debris, with examples over 1 km long.
Undara Volcanic National Park
Undara Volcanic National Park, Queensland, protects Australia's longest lava tube system, formed by an eruption about 190,000 years ago that flowed over 160 km; over 70 caves, Bayliss Cave biodiversity, Ewamian country.
Veryovkina Cave
Veryovkina Cave (Пещера Верёвкина) is a 2,212 m deep limestone cave in the Arabika Massif, Abkhazia, Georgia; with Krubera-Voronja it alternates as the world's deepest known cave.
Waitomo Glowworm Caves
Waitomo Glowworm Caves, Waikato, New Zealand (Waitomo, 'water entering a hole'); limestone show caves lit by Arachnocampa luminosa fungus-gnat larvae; discovered 1887 by Tāne Tinorau and Fred Mace; ~400,000–450,000 visitors yearly; owned by Ruapuha Uekaha Hapū Trust and DOC.