Landforms and terrestrial features

Beak Island

Beak Island: Antarctic island at 63°37′S 57°18′W in Prince Gustav Channel, Trinity Peninsula; a partially submerged inactive volcanic caldera rim of Miocene basalt, named in 1949 with Eagle, Tail and Egg islands; site of a 2024 H5N1 skua die-off.

Bear Island

Bear Island (Bjørnøya) is Norway's isolated southernmost Svalbard island in the Barents Sea: 178 km², a 2002 nature reserve and 2010 Ramsar site, famed for huge guillemot and kittiwake seabird colonies and a year-round weather station.

Bear Peninsula

Bear Peninsula is a predominantly ice-covered promontory on the Walgreen Coast, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, at 74°36′S 110°50′W in the central Amundsen Sea Embayment, 140 km west of Thwaites Glacier; bedrock data show it is actually an island, and Hunt Bluff records its last glaciation.

Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)

Beaver Island is the largest island in Lake Michigan, located 30 miles offshore from Charlevoix, Michigan. It is known for James Jesse Strang's mid-19th-century Mormon kingdom.

Beethoven Peninsula

Beethoven Peninsula is the ice-covered south-west part of Alexander Island, Antarctica, also called Peninsula Carvajal by Chile; a ~10,000 km2 plateau with Quaternary volcanic outcrops named after Beethoven.

Belcher Islands

Belcher Islands (ᓴᓪᓚᔪᒐᐃᑦ): about 1,500 islands in southeastern Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada, with only Sanikiluaq as settlement; folded Paleoproterozoic Belcher Group rocks, stromatolites, oldest known cyanobacteria, and the Qikiqtait MPA.

Belknap

Belknap: late Holocene basaltic shield volcano complex near McKenzie Pass, central Oregon Cascades, also called McKenzie Highway lava field; erupted about 3,000 to 1,500 years ago; USGS threat potential Low/Very Low.

Belle Fourche Formation

Belle Fourche Formation (Belle Fourche Shale), Cenomanian marine shale of the Colorado Group named by Collier in 1922 on the Belle Fourche River, Wyoming; overlies Mowry Shale, underlies Greenhorn, thick in Black Hills.

Belum Caves

Belum Caves (Belum Guhalu) are a natural limestone cave system near Belum village in Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh, India, with 3,229 meters of explored passage.

Bely Island

Bely Island (Ostrov Belyy), uninhabited Arctic island in the Kara Sea, Yamalo-Nenets Okrug, Russia, north of Yamal across the Malygin Strait; about 1,797 km², flat permafrost tundra with the M.V. Popov station since 1933 and rapid coastal erosion.

Ben Nevis

Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles at 1,345 m near Fort William, Scotland, is an eroded Devonian volcano of granite and volcanic rock owned by the John Muir Trust, with a former Met Office summit observatory manned until 1904.

Beneden Head

Beneden Head, also Cap Van Beneden or Cabo Van Beneden, is a headland at the northeast entrance of Andvord Bay, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula; charted 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition and renamed Beneden Head in 1955.

Beqaa Valley (البقاع)

Beqaa Valley (البقاع, Wadi l-Biqa'), ancient Coele-Syria: fertile eastern Lebanese valley between Mount Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, source of the Orontes and Litani rivers, Lebanon's main farming and wine region, now under severe drought and water stress.

Bergland

Bergland, German for mountain land, denotes rugged upland terrain. Coverage spans mountain definitions (UNEP-WCMC, GMBA, USGS), global extent of 12-30% of land, 1.1 billion inhabitants, water supply, and mountain development policy.

Bering Island

Bering Island (остров Беринга), largest of Russia's Commander Islands in the Bering Sea 175 km east of Kamchatka; named for Vitus Bering, who was shipwrecked and died there in 1741; village Nikolskoye.

Berkner Island

Berkner Island (Berkner Ice Rise, formerly Hubley Island) is the largest Antarctic island, an uninhabited ice rise about 320 km long between the Ronne and Filchner Ice Shelves, rising to 975 m with two domes, and the site of a 948 m deep ice core spanning over 150,000 years.

Bertrab Nunatak

Bertrab Nunatak, a c. 500 m rock outcrop southeast of Vahsel Bay, Luitpold Coast, Coats Land, Antarctica; mapped by the German Antarctic Expedition 1911-12 and site of Argentina's Belgrano II station.

Beskids (Бескиди)

The Beskids (Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskidy) are mountain ranges forming the northern flank of the Carpathian arc, running about 600 km from the Czech Republic to Ukraine.

Betpak-Dala

Betpak-Dala (Бетпақдала; Russian: Бетпак-Дала), also known as the Northern Hungry Steppe, is a desert and arid plateau in central Kazakhstan, best known for its saiga antelope population.

Bey Daglari

Beydağları (Bey Daglari), limestone range in Antalya Province, Turkey, the western Taurus extension along the Gulf of Antalya; highest summit Kızlar Sivrisi (about 3070–3086 m), with two national parks and six endemic plant species.

Biak

Biak: main island of the Schouten Islands off northern Indonesian Papua, seat of Biak Numfor Regency. Known for Inumaki Cave Pleistocene archaeology, the 1944 Allied landing, the 1996 Mw 8.2 tsunami, and fisheries and festival tourism.

Bié Plateau

Bié Plateau (Planalto do Bié, formerly Bihé): high plateau in central Angola, 1,500–1,800 m, covering Huambo and Bié provinces; water tower feeding the Cuanza, Congo, Zambezi, and Okavango systems; chief towns Huambo and Cuito.

Big Bend (Florida)

The Big Bend (Florida) is the Gulf Coast region where the peninsula meets the Panhandle, from Anclote Key to St. Marks, also called the Nature Coast; a pristine, karst-and-seagrass coastline hit by Hurricane Idalia in 2023.

Big Diomede Island (остров Ратманова)

Big Diomede Island, or Ratmanov Island, is a Russian island in the Bering Strait, 3.8 km from the American Little Diomede and a day ahead of it.

Big Island

Big Island, or Qikiqtarjuaq (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕐᔪᐊᖅ), is the Inuktitut name meaning "big island": the Nunavut hamlet on Broughton Island renamed in 1998, and a separate uninhabited Hudson Strait island formerly called Big Island.

Big Sur

Big Sur is a 90-mile rugged California coastal region between Carmel and San Simeon along Highway 1, named from Spanish El Sur Grande, defined by the 1937 scenic highway, chronic landslides, and recurring wildfires.

Bijagós Islands

Bijagós Islands: 88-island deltaic archipelago about 48 km off Guinea-Bissau; UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (1996), Ramsar site (2014), and World Heritage Site (2025); home of the matrilineal, animist Bijagó people, green sea turtles, saltwater hippos, and hundreds of thousands of migratory shorebirds.