3,546 articles
Solnhofen Limestone
Solnhofener Plattenkalk (Solnhofen Limestone): Upper Jurassic, Tithonian fine-grained platy limestone of Bavaria, Germany, a world-famous fossil Lagerstätte with over 700 species, all twelve Archaeopteryx specimens, and the classic lithographic printing stone.
Solo, El
Solo, El (Cerro Solo) is a 6,205 m dacitic stratovolcano of nine eruptive centers on the Chile–Argentina border in the Central Andean Volcanic Arc, west of Nevados Ojos del Salado, with Holocene rhyodacitic pyroclastic-flow deposits and no dated eruptions.
Solutional cave
Solutional cave (solution cave, karst cave): natural cavity formed when carbonic or sulfuric acid water dissolves limestone, dolomite, marble, gypsum, or halite along joints and bedding; Mammoth Cave exceeds 400 miles.
Solvay Mountains
The Solvay Mountains are a mountain group in southern Brabant Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, rising to 1,590 m at Cook Summit and named for expedition patron Ernest Solvay.
Somerset Island (Nunavut)
Somerset Island (Nunavut), a 24,786 km² uninhabited island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Qikiqtaaluk Region; Franklin-search wintering site at Port Leopold (1848), Peary caribou range, Siluro-Devonian geology on the Boothia Arch.
Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran Desert is a subtropical desert of about 260,000 sq km in southern Arizona, southeastern California, Sonora, and Baja California, defined by bimodal winter and summer monsoon rains, saguaro cacti, sky islands, and the greatest species diversity of any North American desert.
Sorikmarapi
Sorikmarapi (Sorik Marapi), 2,145 m stratovolcano in Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra, Indonesia; 600-m summit crater lake, sulfur deposits, phreatic eruptions 1829-1986, 2026 unrest, and a 240 MW geothermal project.
Sørkapp
Sørkapp is the southern cape of Spitsbergen, standing on the island Sørkappøya off Sørkapp Land; it is also a Ramsar site and 1973 bird reserve.
Sørkapp Land
Sørkapp Land is the southernmost peninsula of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway, about 1,300–1,400 km², joined to the rest of the island by a glacier isthmus that narrowed from 28 km (1899–1900) to about 5–6 km, possibly making it an island by 2030–2035; Sørkapp point lies on Sørkappøya at 76°28'N 16°36'E.
Sørøya
Sørøya (Sállan) is Norway's fourth-largest island, 812 km², in Hammerfest and Hasvik municipalities, Vest-Finnmark; largest island without mainland road link, known for its puffin colony, WWII partisan history, and sea fishing.
South Andaman Island
South Andaman Island, third largest island of India's Andaman group (1,348 km²), site of Port Blair (Sri Vijaya Puram), the 1858 penal settlement, the Cellular Jail, and the South Andaman district capital.
South Aulatsivik Island
South Aulatsivik Island (Aulatsivik, Newark Island) is a 456 km2 island in the Nain archipelago, Labrador, about 10 km from Nain; largest Labrador Coast island, spruce forests, Inuit archaeology to 7065 BP.
South Col
The South Col is the high saddle between Mount Everest and Lhotse on the Nepal–China border at about 7,920 m, the last camp on the Southeast Ridge route.
South Funen Archipelago
South Funen Archipelago (Det Sydfynske Øhav), a Danish archipelago of about 55 islands south of Funen between Ærø, Tåsinge, and Langeland; Ramsar site no. 156 since 1977 and a UNESCO Global Geopark since 2024.
South Georgia
South Georgia: main island of the UK Overseas Territory of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands, 800 miles SE of the Falklands; 3,755 km², over half ice covered, Mt Paget 2,934 m; former whaling hub at Grytviken, no permanent residents, Argentina claims it since 1927.
South Island
The South Island (Te Waipounamu), New Zealand's larger but less populous main island: 7.3% census growth 2018-2023, Canterbury its largest region, the Alpine Fault and Southern Alps along its spine.
South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands: maritime Antarctic island group in the Scotia Sea, discovered December 1821 by George Powell and Nathaniel Palmer; home to Signy Research Station (BAS), Orcadas Base, and the 94,000 km2 South Orkney southern shelf MPA, the first international MPA under CCAMLR.
South Pagai
South Pagai, Indonesian Pulau Pagai Selatan, is the southernmost of the four main inhabited Mentawai Islands off Sumatra, Indonesia, and was struck by a deadly tsunami in 2010.
South Park (Park County, Colorado)
South Park is a high, treeless intermontane basin in Park County, central Colorado, between the Mosquito and Front Ranges, draining to the South Platte River.
South Sandwich Islands
South Sandwich Islands: uninhabited UK Overseas Territory volcanic arc (11 islands, ~350 km) in the South Atlantic, 1,600 km from South America and Antarctica; named by Cook in 1775; disputed by Argentina.
South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands: Antarctic archipelago north of the Antarctic Peninsula across the Bransfield Strait, at 62–63°S. Discovered by William Smith in 1819; nine major islands including King George, Livingston and volcanic Deception Island.
South Sister
South Sister, highest peak of the Three Sisters volcano cluster in the Oregon Cascades at 3,157 m, a silicic stratovolcano built 50,000 to 2,000 years ago with ongoing uplift west of its summit.
South Uist
South Uist (Uibhist a Deas) is a 36,467 ha island in the southern Outer Hebrides, Scotland, linked to Benbecula by causeway, known for machair landscapes, Cladh Hallan mummies, brochs, Norse sites, kelp-era clearance and crofting.
Southampton Island
Southampton Island (Salliq, ᓴᓪᓕᖅ) is the largest island in Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada, at 64°20′N 84°40′W. Its sole community is Coral Harbour; it was home to the Sallirmiut, hosts a 93,087 km² marine Area of Interest, and shows high summer phytoplankton productivity.
Southeastern Cave Conservancy Inc.
Southeastern Cave Conservancy Inc. (SCCi), founded 1991 by Jeff and Alexis Harris, is the largest land conservancy solely dedicated to caves, protecting 170+ caves on 39 preserves across seven southeastern states via free online permits.
Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana
The Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, meaning "mountains of the ocean" in Māori, is the chief mountain chain on New Zealand's South Island, running about 500 kilometers.
Southern Baltic Lowlands
Southern Baltic Lowlands: FEOW freshwater ecoregion 408, Palearctic temperate coastal rivers in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia, draining the Neva, Daugava, Narva, and Venta rivers to the Baltic Sea.
Southern California Coastal - Baja California
Southern California Coastal - Baja California, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 159, spans coastal southern California and the Baja California Peninsula, an arid region of seasonal streams, springs, and oases with few endemic fishes and 27 introduced species.
Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (Carpații Meridionali, Transylvanian Alps) are the highest part of the Romanian Carpathians in southern and central Romania, featuring Moldoveanu Peak at 2,544 m.
Southern Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands: the southern of the two Cook Islands groups, nine islands including Rarotonga (capital Avarua), Aitutaki, and makatea islands Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke, Mitiaro; volcanic, populous, Marae Moana reserve.