Landforms and terrestrial features

Chocolate Hills

Chocolate Hills: about 1,776 conical limestone hills in Bohol, Philippines, also called Tsokolateng Burol; a protected Natural Monument and geopark site that turns brown in the dry season.

Chokaisan (鳥海山), also called Akita-Fuji or Dewa-Fuji, is a 2,236 m active basalt-andesite stratovolcano on the Akita-Yamagata border, Japan, with a 1974 phreatic eruption, a ~2,600-year-old Kisakata debris avalanche, and 14 confirmed eruptive periods.

Cholistan Desert

Cholistan Desert (Rohi), southern Punjab, Pakistan, western part of the Greater Thar Desert; arid desert of dunes and toba water pools, ancient Hakra River settlements, Derawar Fort, and camel pastoralism.

Chongming Dao

Chongming Dao (崇明岛), Chongming Island, is the world's largest estuarine alluvial island and China's third largest island, at the Yangtze River mouth under Shanghai's Chongming District; formed from Tang-era sandbars, split into north and south river branches, now an eco-island with Dongtan bird reserve.

Chota Nagpur Plateau (छोटा नागपुर पठार)

Chota Nagpur Plateau (छोटा नागपुर पठार), a continental plateau in eastern India over Jharkhand, rises in three steps to Parasnath (1,370 m), rests on Precambrian granite-gneiss, and holds coal, mica, copper, and iron ore.

Christensen Nunatak

Christensen Nunatak, a c. 300 m Seal Nunatak at 65°06'S 59°31'W on the NE side of Robertson Island, Antarctica; discovered by Larsen in 1893 as 'Christensen Island', a volcanic vent named for whaler Christen Christensen.

Chugach Mountains

Chugach Mountains: Alaskan range about 400 km long along the Gulf of Alaska, from Turnagain Arm to the Bering Glacier area; holds one-third of Alaska's glacierized area, including the 5,200 km2 Bering Glacier.

Chukchi Peninsula

Chukchi Peninsula (Chukotsky poluostrov, Чукотский полуостров), also Chukotka Peninsula: Russian Far East peninsula, Asia's eastern extremity at Cape Dezhnev, across the 80 km Bering Strait from Alaska; permafrost tundra, Chukchi homeland, edge of Beringia.

Chukotka Mountains

Chukotka Mountains (Чукотское нагорье), a medium-height ridge system in Russia's far northeast within the Arctic Circle, highest point Iskhodnaya (1,843–1,887 m), with limited Pleistocene glaciation, 47 shrinking glaciers, and 400–500 m permafrost.

Churchill (volcano)

Mount Churchill, a dacitic stratovolcano with a summit caldera in Alaska's St. Elias Mountains (Wrangell volcanic field), erupted VEI 6 White River Ash twice, about 1,887 BP and 833-850 CE, ash traced to Greenland and Europe.

Chutine Peak

Chutine Peak: 2,903 m mountain in the Boundary Ranges, Coast Mountains, British Columbia, east of Chutine Lake near the Stikine River; first climbed 16 July 1980, named officially 3 November 1980.

Chyulu Hills

Chyulu Hills: volcanic range in southern Kenya, 100 km NW-SE field of cinder cones east of the Kenya Rift; last erupted 1855; Chyulu Hills National Park (471 km², est. 1970); catchment feeding Mzima Springs and over 30% of Mombasa's water; REDD+ carbon project; elephants and black rhinos.

Cima Dodici

Cima Dodici (Cima XII, Ferrozzo, Freyjoch) is a 2,336 m peak on the Veneto-Trentino border, highest of the Asiago Plateau and Vicenza province, with 1,874 m prominence; distinct from the 3,094 m Zwölferkofel of the Sesto Dolomites.

Cinnamon Butte

Cinnamon Butte is a basaltic scoria cone and lava flow field in Douglas County, Oregon, High Cascades, about 30 km north of Crater Lake; it erupted 7,780–15,000 years ago, covers 28 km², and has Low/Very Low USGS threat potential.

Ciremai

Ciremai (Cereme, Ceremai) is an active 3,039 m stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia, with confirmed eruptions from 1698 to 1951, a multi-vent summit crater on the Geger Halang caldera rim, and over 25 million people within 100 km.

Cirque

Cirque (corrie, cwm): a bowl-shaped, amphitheater-like glacial erosion hollow in a mountain valley head or side, with steep headwalls, a rock lip, often a tarn, averaging about 700 m across.

Clarence Island

Clarence Island, also Ostrov Shishkova (Russia) and Isla Shackleton (Chile), is the easternmost island of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, discovered by Bransfield in 1820 and named for the Duke of Clarence; a Chilean namesake lies in Tierra del Fuego.

Clarie Coast

Clarie Coast, called Wilkes Coast in Australia, is a portion of the coast of Wilkes Land in East Antarctica, lying between 130°05'E and 136°10'E and fronting the Dumont d'Urville Sea.

Clavering Ø

Clavering Ø (Clavering Island) is a 1,500 km² island in Northeast Greenland's national park, named after Captain Douglas Clavering, who met twelve Inuit there in 1823; it holds the region's largest Thule settlement at Dødemandsbugten.

Cleft

Cleft: a space or opening made by splitting; a fissure or V-shaped hollow. Used in medicine for congenital orofacial gaps (cleft lip and palate), in geography for narrow rock or coastal-cliff splits (GeoNames CFT), and for the Cleft segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge.

Cliffs of Moher

The Cliffs of Moher are sea cliffs in County Clare, Ireland, 14 km long, over 214 m at O'Brien's Tower, Carboniferous sandstone and shale, part of the Burren UNESCO Global Geopark.

Cloud Peak

Cloud Peak, Wyoming's Bighorn Mountains high point at 13,166 ft (4,013 m), a Laramide granite summit in Cloud Peak Wilderness with 7,134 ft prominence, remnant glaciers, and limited technical climbing.

Coachella Valley

Coachella Valley: desert valley in Riverside County, Southern California, at the northern Salton Trough, 120 miles east of Los Angeles. Known for Palm Springs resorts, the Coachella festivals, date agriculture, groundwater subsidence, and San Andreas Fault hazard.

Coast Mountains

Coast Mountains (Chaîne Côtière): major Pacific Coast Ranges system from the Fraser River near Vancouver north through British Columbia and the Alaska Panhandle into Yukon, about 1,600 km long, granitic Coast Mountains batholith, Mount Waddington 4,016 m, heavy coastal rainfall and fjords.

Coats Island

Coats Island (Akpatuurjuaq) is a 5,498 km² uninhabited island in northern Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada, the largest uninhabited island in the northern hemisphere south of the Arctic Circle, known for thick-billed murre colonies, the Sadlermiut, and its seabird research station.

Cobalescou Island

Cobalescou Island (Insula Cobălcescu), small ice-free island east of Two Hummock Island, Gerlache Strait, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica; charted by the Belgica expedition 27 January 1898, named for Romanian geologist Grigore Cobălcescu.

Cobourg Peninsula (landform)

Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory's north-western tip in Garig Gunak Barlu National Park, was the world's first Ramsar wetland (8 May 1974, site no. 1, 220,700 ha), rich in threatened species and Arrarrkbi heritage.

Coburg Island

Coburg Island: uninhabited Nunavut island in eastern Jones Sound between Ellesmere and Devon islands, separating Lady Ann Strait from Glacier Strait; Nirjutiqavvik National Wildlife Area (1995) with 160,000 pairs of Thick-billed Murres at Cambridge Point.

Cockburn Island

Cockburn Island (Antarctica): small ice-free island at 64°12'S, 56°51'W in the NE entrance of Admiralty Sound, off the Antarctic Peninsula. Charted by James Clark Ross in 1843, named for Admiral Sir George Cockburn; site of the first Antarctic botanical collections and the Pliocene Cockburn Island Formation.