74 articles
Adelaide
Adelaide, capital of South Australia, founded 1836 and planned by Colonel William Light with a grid and 900-hectare park lands; free-settler city of 1.39 million (2021), ranked 8th in the EIU Global Liveability Index.
Albany, Western Australia
Albany (Kinjarling), Western Australia: oldest European settlement in WA, founded 1826 by Major Edmund Lockyer at King George Sound; Great Southern regional hub of about 42,000 people with the Port of Albany, agriculture, wine and tourism.
Alice Springs
Alice Springs (Arrernte: Mparntwe) is a Northern Territory outback town of about 29,000-31,000 people, founded as the 1871-72 Overland Telegraph repeater station named after Alice Todd, with the township of Stuart renamed Alice Springs in the early 1930s.
Ararat, Victoria
Ararat, Victoria: regional city 198 km west of Melbourne, gateway to the Grampians, former gold rush town and the only Australian city founded by the Chinese, population over 11,000 in its rural city.
Ballarat
Ballarat is a regional city in western Victoria, about 80 km from Melbourne, founded on the 1851 gold discovery that started Victoria's gold rush, site of the 1854 Eureka Stockade, now a UNESCO Creative City of over 100,000 people.
Bendigo
Bendigo, Victoria: major Australian inland regional city about 150 km northwest of Melbourne, formerly Sandhurst, built on one of the world's richest 19th-century goldfields; population about 126,000.
Bourke, New South Wales
Bourke is a historic outback town on the Darling River in far north-west New South Wales, Australia, established 1861. Known as the gateway to the outback, once the world's biggest wool railhead, source of the phrase "back o' Bourke".
Braidwood, New South Wales
Braidwood is a heritage-listed town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, about an hour east of Canberra, surveyed in 1839 and named for Dr Thomas Braidwood Wilson.
Broken Hill
Broken Hill, far west New South Wales mining city on the Line of Lode, the world's largest silver-lead-zinc ore seam; discovered by Charles Rasp in 1883, birthplace of BHP, National Heritage listed 2015.
Broome, Western Australia
Broome (Rubibi) is a pearling-port town on a peninsula in the Kimberley, Western Australia, 2,200 km north of Perth; population 16,959 (2021), known for its multicultural pearling heritage, Japanese cemetery, Cable Beach, and tourism economy.
Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury, known as Goomburrup in Noongar, is Western Australia's largest regional city, a coastal port about 175 kilometers south of Perth serving the South West region.
Busselton
Busselton, Western Australia: coastal city on Geographe Bay, 230 km south of Perth, seat of the City of Busselton (pop. about 45,000), home of the 1.8 km Busselton Jetty, gazetted 1847.
Cairns
Cairns is a coastal regional city in Far North Queensland, Australia, founded in 1876 as a goldfields port and named after Governor Sir William Wellington Cairns; a tropical tourist gateway of about 175,000 people between the Wet Tropics rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef.
Caloundra
Caloundra, southern Sunshine Coast, Queensland coastal town on Pumicestone Passage; name from Gubbi Gubbi 'place of beech tree'; settled from 1863 castaways, Bulcock 1875, holiday and tourism town.
Camden, New South Wales
Camden, New South Wales: a fast-growing local government area and historic township in Sydney's south-west Macarthur region, on the Nepean River; population 146,483 in 2025, formerly The Cowpastures, founded 1840.
Canberra
Canberra, capital of Australia in the Australian Capital Territory, named 1913, designed by Walter Burley Griffin, seat of Parliament since 1927, population about 484,600.
Casino, New South Wales
Casino is a town on the Richmond River in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, known as the Beef Capital for its meat processing industry.
Charters Towers
Charters Towers is a north Queensland city founded after the 1871 gold discovery by Mosman, Clarke, Fraser, and Jupiter Mosman. Once Queensland's second largest city, nicknamed "The World", it produced over 6.6 million ounces of gold by 1920.
Coffs Harbour
Coffs Harbour, a coastal regional city on the NSW Mid North Coast between Sydney and Brisbane; LGA population 78,759 (2021), $4.89b GRP, blueberry production, Big Banana, and the $2.2b Pacific Highway bypass due late 2026.
Coober Pedy
Coober Pedy, South Australian opal-mining town known as the Opal Capital of the World, where many residents live in underground dugouts to escape desert heat; opal discovered 1915, renamed from Stuart Range Opal Field in 1920.
Cunnamulla
Cunnamulla, outback Queensland town on the Warrego River, seat of Paroo Shire; Kunja name meaning big waterhole; 1,233 people at the 2021 census, 44.4% Indigenous; wool-boom past, artesian hot springs, levee-protected floodplain.
Dalby, Queensland
Dalby, Queensland: rural town on the northern Darling Downs, Western Downs Region, on Myall Creek. Founded 1854, railway 1868; 12,758 people (2021); grain, cotton and livestock service centre with major flood history.
Darwin, Northern Territory
Darwin is the capital and largest city of Australia's Northern Territory, on the Timor Sea. Founded as Palmerston in 1869, renamed 1911; Greater Darwin held 159,284 people in 2025; devastated by Cyclone Tracy in 1974.
Dubbo
Dubbo is a regional city in the Orana region of central New South Wales, Australia, on the Macquarie River; the name means "red earth". Gazetted 1849, railway 1881, 2021 urban population 38,783, home of Taronga Western Plains Zoo.
Euroa
Euroa is a town of about 3,500 people in Strathbogie Shire, Victoria, at the base of the Strathbogie Ranges, known for fine wool, thoroughbreds, the 1878 Ned Kelly bank robbery, and its railway goods shed heritage.
Fremantle
Fremantle (Walyalup) is a port city at the mouth of the Swan River, 20 km southwest of Perth, Western Australia. Founded 1829, proclaimed a city 1929, population about 31,700, home to WA's main container port.
Geelong
Geelong (Wadawurrung: Djilang) is Victoria's largest provincial city, 75 km south-west of Melbourne on Corio Bay. Population 295,052 (2025); historic wool port and gold-rush gateway, now a growing service economy and UNESCO City of Design.
Gilgandra, New South Wales
Gilgandra is a town in the Orana region of inland New South Wales on the Castlereagh River at the Newell, Oxley and Castlereagh Highway junction, known for the 1915 Coo-ee recruiting march to Sydney led by William Hitchen.
Gold Coast, Queensland
Gold Coast, Queensland: Australia's largest non-capital city, second largest in Queensland, about 80 km south of Brisbane. Beaches, theme parks, tourism ($3.2 billion, 2021-22), GRP $48.72 billion, 2018 Commonwealth Games host.
Gosford
Gosford, New South Wales: Central Coast city on Brisbane Water, Darkinjung land, surveyed 1839; railway from 1887; 2021 Census SA3 population 178,427; civic heart of the Central Coast.