54 articles
İzmit
İzmit (Nicomedia) is the industrial capital city of Kocaeli Province, Türkiye, at the head of the Gulf of İzmit east of Istanbul; ancient Roman eastern capital, Ottoman conquest 1337, 1999 Mw 7.4 earthquake.
Karaman
Karaman (Larende/Laranda) is a city and province in southern Central Anatolia, Türkiye, at 1,033 m elevation; former Karamanid capital, site of the 1277 Turkish-language edict, 70th Turkish province (1989), producing about 35% of Türkiye's biscuits.
Kars
Kars is a city and province in northeastern Turkey on a 2,000 m volcanic plateau near the Armenian and Georgian borders. Ruled by the Seljuks, Ottomans, and Russia (1878-1918), it joined Turkey in 1920 under Kazım Karabekir.
Kastamonu
Kastamonu, capital of Kastamonu Province (plate 37), Turkey; a 775–780 m Black Sea-transition basin city, former Candarid beylik capital, War of Independence logistics hub, site of Atatürk's 1925 hat-reform speeches, known for etli ekmek, pastırma and forests.
Kayseri
Kayseri: Central Anatolian Turkish province and industrial city at the foot of Mount Erciyes (3,916 m); 1,458,991 people (2025), 15th most populous; ancient Kültepe-Kanesh, Seljuk second capital, furniture and textile manufacturing hub.
Konya
Konya (ancient Iconium, Greek Ikonion) is a city and province in Central Anatolia, Türkiye; Seljuk capital of Rum after 1097, home of Rumi and the Mevlevi order, province population 2,320,241 (2022), Türkiye's largest province by area.
Kütahya (city)
Kütahya, ancient Cotyaeum, is the capital of Kütahya Province in west-central Turkey; former Germiyanid capital, ceramics center since the 16th century, home of Dumlupınar University, province population 570,478.
Malatya (city)
Malatya is a city in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, and the administrative center of Malatya Province. Known in antiquity as Melitene, it sits on the Malatya plain and was heavily damaged by the 2023 earthquakes.
Mardin
Mardin is a hillside city in southeastern Türkiye, once an Artuqid capital, famed for yellow limestone terraced architecture, abbara passages, Syriac monasteries of Tur Abdin, UNESCO tentative-list status, and rapidly growing cultural tourism.
Marmaris
Marmaris, resort town and district of Muğla Province, Türkiye, at the Aegean-Mediterranean junction; ancient Physkos, 97,373 residents (2025), 200,000 in summer, hit by the 29 July 2021 wildfire that burned 11,548 hectares.
Merkezefendi
Merkezefendi (Merkezefendi İlçesi), a central district of Denizli, Turkey, with Pamukkale the city's other central district. Population 351,085 (2025), 50 neighborhoods, home to ancient Laodikeia; named after Merkez Efendi (1463).
Mersin
Mersin is a Mediterranean province and port city in southern Turkey, formerly named İçel until 2002. Population 1,956,428 (2025), 13 districts, Turkey's largest multi-purpose port, and the country's first free zone (1987).
Names of Istanbul
Names of Istanbul: the city's historical names from Byzantion and Constantinople (Konstantinou polis, 330–1930) to Ottoman Kostantiniyye, Dersaadet and Islambol, and the Turkish name Istanbul, derived from Greek eis ten polin or Constantinople, official since 1930.
Nusaybin
Nusaybin (Nisêbîn; ancient Nisibis) is a border town in Mardin Province, Turkey, opposite Qamishli, Syria. Ancient Roman provincial capital and Church of the East school center; its Syria crossing is closed.
Ordu (city)
Ordu, Black Sea coast city in Türkiye, seat of Ordu Province; ancient predecessor Kotyora (Bozukkale), visited by Xenophon c. 400 BC; modern city founded late 18th century; leading Turkish hazelnut center.
Osmaniye (city)
Osmaniye, city in southern Turkey, seat of Osmaniye Province on the Ceyhan River plain. Province population 564,123 (2025), 83.63% urban; first-degree earthquake zone on the East Anatolian Fault; 2023 quakes damaged thousands of buildings.
Samsun
Samsun (ancient Amisos) is the largest city on Turkey's Black Sea coast, a port and provincial capital of 1.39 million people where Atatürk landed on 19 May 1919 to start the Turkish National Movement.
Sivas
Sivas is a province and city in central Turkey, second largest by area at 28,488 km², with 631,401 people (2025). Known for the UNESCO-listed Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital (1985) and the 1919 National Struggle congress.
Siverek
Siverek is a district of Şanlıurfa Province, southeastern Turkey, 96 km from Şanlıurfa; 274,588 residents (2024), 4,314 km², 840 m elevation, roughly 7,000 years of settlement, briefly a province 1923–1926.
Söğüt (Θηβάσιον)
Söğüt (Thebasion, Θηβάσιον) is a Bilecik Province district in Türkiye, traditionally the winter quarters granted to Ertuğrul Gazi and the founding seat of the Ottoman state, home to the Ertuğrul Gazi Tomb and September commemorations.
Tarsus, Mersin
Tarsus (Turkish: Tarsus) is a historic district in southern Turkey's Mersin Province. It is the largest district by population and is traditionally known as the birthplace of Saint Paul the Apostle.
Trabzon
Trabzon (Trebizond), a Black Sea port city in northeastern Türkiye; founded as a Greek colony, capital of the Empire of Trebizond 1204–1461, Ottoman princely city, birthplace of Süleyman the Magnificent, population 823,323 (2025).
Urfa
Urfa, officially Şanlıurfa, ancient Edessa (Urhai, Ruha), a city in southeastern Turkey; former capital of the Osrhoene kingdom under the Abgar dynasty, early Christian center, Crusader county seat, and home province of Göbekli Tepe.
Van, Turkey
Van, Turkey: city on the eastern shore of Lake Van, largest city of the Eastern Anatolia Region; ancient Urartian capital Tuşpa, rebuilt after 1918 destruction and the 2011 earthquakes, metropolitan municipality since 2012.