24 articles
Alcazaba de Mérida
The Alcazaba de Mérida is a ninth-century Muslim fortress in Mérida, Spain, built in 835 by the Umayyad emir Abd al-Rahman II to control the rebellious city.
Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque Hydraulic System
Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque Hydraulic System (Sistema hidráulico del acueducto del Padre Tembleque), a 48.22 km 16th-century water system in Mexico and Hidalgo states, built 1555–1572 by friar Francisco de Tembleque with indigenous communities; UNESCO World Heritage 2015, with the highest single-level aqueduct arcade (39.65 m).
Barton (remains of)
Barton (remains of), NHLE 1006310, is a scheduled monument in Abingdon on Thames, Oxfordshire: the ruin of the Abbot of Abingdon's mansion at Barton Farm, burnt in 1327, rebuilt by Thomas Reade in 1554, and destroyed in the Civil War.
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress, also called Akkerman fortress or Cetatea Alba, is Ukraine's largest medieval fortress, over 9 ha with 2.5 km of walls, built 14th-15th c., Ottoman from 1484 to 1812.
Brazda lui Novac de Sud
Brazda lui Novac de Sud (Troianul) is a disputed Roman-era earthen rampart, about 170 km long, in southern Muntenia, Romania, running from Viespești to former lake Greaca; its dating (Augustus to 3rd century) and function remain debated.
Castle Acre Castle (United Kingdom)
Castle Acre Castle is the earthwork remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle in the Norfolk village of Castle Acre, England, begun in the 1070s by William I de Warenne.
Castle of Antimachia
Castle of Antimachia (Κάστρο Αντιμάχειας), a Knights Hospitaller fortress on Kos, Greece, built early 14th century, triangular plan, famed for repelling a 23-day Ottoman siege in 1457; free entry, 24 km from Kos town.
Castle of Oria
Castle of Oria (Katakefalos, Κάστρο της Ωριάς): ruined medieval fortified settlement on NW Kythnos, Cyclades; Latin-era capital, Gozzadini residence, destroyed by Ottomans in the 1570s; distinct from the Frederick II castle at Oria, Italy.
Castle Rising Castle
Castle Rising Castle: 12th-century Norman hall-keep castle in Norfolk, England, built c.1138 by William d'Albini II, later Queen Isabella's residence (1331-1358); massive earthworks, rare hall keep, owned by Lord Howard of Rising.
Castle wall
Castle wall (NHLE 1001888) is a scheduled monument in Bargate, Southampton: surviving late 14th-century drum towers and bailey wall of Southampton's medieval Royal Castle, stone rubble nearly 20 ft high, also Grade II listed.
Chlum
Chlum: name of Czech places in archaeological records, notably a prehistoric hilltop settlement near Bílavsko (excavated 2018) and a medieval gold-panning landscape at Chlum u Blatná on the Závišinský potok.
Ciepłe
Ciepłe (German: Warmhof), village in gmina Gniew, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, site of a late 10th-century Piast settlement complex with three strongholds, two chamber-grave cemeteries, and the famous grave of an armed merchant.
Kano city walls
The Kano city walls (Hausa: ganuwa) are earthen fortifications around the old city of Kano in northern Nigeria, begun around 1095 and extended over eight centuries.
L’Ecluse
L’Ecluse names Fort l’Écluse, a French frontier fortress at Léaz (Ain) guarding the Rhône defile, from a 1277 castrum to 1940 resistance; also Les Cluses Roman clausurae, canal locks, and Carolus Clusius.
Llandough
Llandough, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales: multi-period site with an Iron Age farmstead, a 2nd-4th century Roman villa with hypocaust and bath suite, and the largest early medieval cemetery excavated in Wales.
Rochester Castle (United Kingdom)
Rochester Castle, Kent: Norman castle founded after 1066, rebuilt in stone by Bishop Gundulf in the 1080s, with a 38-metre keep begun after 1127 and famous for King John's 1215 siege.
Saint Hilarion Monastery/ Tell Umm Amer
Saint Hilarion Monastery / Tell Umm Amer (دير القديس هيلاريون / تل أم عامر) is a 4th-century Byzantine monastery site in Nuseirat, Gaza Strip, the first monastic community in the Holy Land, inscribed by UNESCO and on the Danger List in 2024.
Scarborough Castle
Scarborough Castle: medieval royal castle on a North Sea headland in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. Founded by William le Gros in the 1130s; Henry II's great tower (1159–1169), Roman signal station, 1645 siege, 1914 shelling, Cold War ROC post.
Stone City sites
石头城遗址 names two major Chinese sites: Nanjing's Six Dynasties Stone City, founded by Sun Quan in 212 CE and confirmed at Qingliangshan by excavations, and the Jin-to-Qing Tashkurgan Stone City in Xinjiang, a 2001 national key cultural relics protection unit.
Temple of Mercurius
A Temple of Mercurius is a Roman temple dedicated to Mercury, god of commerce; known examples include the Aventine temple of 495 BC and the puy de Dôme sanctuary.
Torre Astura
Torre Astura is a medieval fortified castle on an islet at the mouth of the Astura river near Nettuno, Lazio, built from 1193 by the Frangipane on a Roman villa and fishpond, site of Conradin's 1268 betrayal, now inside a military range open only in summer.
Torre di Donoratico
Torre di Donoratico: ruined 12th-century tower of the Della Gherardesca castle near Castagneto Carducci, Livorno, Tuscany, on an Etruscan-fortified hill; destroyed around 1447 by Alfonso of Aragon, excavated 2000-2010.
Tour de Biran
Tour de Biran: the 20 m square watchtower (Tour de Guet) on the motte of Biran, Gers, France, last remnant of a castle built 1080-1100 and dismantled in 1630; also the village's 13th-14th century tour-porte bell tower.
Town banks
Town banks: earthen ramparts with external ditches forming medieval British town defences, peaking around 1300. Examples at Tonbridge (bank 10m wide, 4.5m high), Rhuddlan, Montgomery, Usk, and Saxon Lydford; several scheduled monuments.