259 articles
Gulf of Aqaba (خليج العقبة)
Gulf of Aqaba (خليج العقبة, Gulf of Eilat): narrow northeastern arm of the Red Sea between Sinai and Arabia, bordered by Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia; rift-valley gulf up to 1,850 m deep, connected via the Strait of Tiran, with resilient coral reefs and the ports of Aqaba and Eilat.
Gulf of Boothia
Gulf of Boothia, a gulf in Nunavut, Canada, between Boothia Peninsula and Baffin Island and Melville Peninsula. Discovered and named by John Ross's 1829-1833 expedition for sponsor Felix Booth; site of the first distinct localization of the north magnetic pole.
Gulf of California
Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez, Golfo de California): semi-enclosed sea between Baja California and mainland Mexico on a Pacific-North American oblique-divergent boundary; opened by ~6 Ma, young oceanic crust, UNESCO-listed biodiversity, critically endangered vaquita.
Gulf of Carpentaria
The Gulf of Carpentaria is a large, shallow embayment on northern Australia between Arnhem Land and Cape York Peninsula, named by Jan Carstenszoon in 1623 after Pieter de Carpentier.
Gulf of Corcovado
The Gulf of Corcovado (Spanish: Golfo Corcovado) is a large gulf in northern Patagonia, Chile, lying between the mainland coast and Chiloé Island in the southeastern Pacific.
Gulf of Finland (Финский залив)
The Gulf of Finland (Suomenlahti) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Finland, Estonia, and Russia, receiving the Neva River's freshwater at St. Petersburg.
Gulf of Fonseca
The Gulf of Fonseca, or Golfo de Fonseca, is a shallow bay on the Pacific coast of Central America shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Gulf of Gabès (خليج قابس)
The Gulf of Gabès (خليج قابس) is a broad, shallow gulf on Tunisia's Mediterranean coast, holding the Mediterranean's highest tidal range and most of its fishing fleet.
Gulf of Guayaquil
The Gulf of Guayaquil is a large Pacific embayment on the coast of western South America, opening between Ecuador and Peru and receiving the Guayas River estuary.
Gulf of Honduras
The Gulf of Honduras, or Golfo de Honduras, is a broad embayment of the western Caribbean Sea where the coastlines of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras meet.
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Khambhat (Gulf of Cambay), a funnel-shaped gulf of the Arabian Sea between Saurashtra and mainland Gujarat, India; semi-diurnal tides up to about 11 m, currents near 3 m/s, Narmada, Tapti, and Sabarmati river discharge, historic port of Cambay, and the proposed Kalpasar dam project.
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Kutch (Gulf of Kachchh), an Arabian Sea inlet in Gujarat, India, between Kutch and Saurashtra; 7,350 sq km, macrotidal, with India's first marine national park, northernmost coral reefs, and Kandla and Mundra ports.
Gulf of Lion
Gulf of Lion (golfe du Lion; ancient Sinus Gallicus), large NW Mediterranean bay on the French coast from Cape Creus to Marseille; broad shelf, submarine canyons, mistral winds, dense-water formation, 4,010 km² marine park.
Gulf of Maine
The Gulf of Maine is a semi-enclosed North Atlantic sea off New England and Nova Scotia, bounded by Georges Bank and Browns Bank, with basins to 350 m, a counterclockwise Labrador Current-driven gyre, and warming nearly three times the global ocean rate, anchoring the U.S. lobster fishery.
Gulf of Mannar
The Gulf of Mannar is a shallow 10,500 km² bay between Tamil Nadu, India and Sri Lanka, part of the Laccadive Sea. A 1989 biosphere reserve and 2001 UNESCO MAB site with 21 coral islands, dugongs, and rich marine biodiversity.
Gulf of Martaban
The Gulf of Mottama, also known as the Gulf of Martaban, is a large muddy embayment in southern Myanmar where the Sittaung River meets the Andaman Sea.
Gulf of Masirah
The Gulf of Masirah is a shallow embayment of the Arabian Sea between Masirah Island and the Omani mainland, Oman's largest and one of its most biologically productive coastal waters.
Gulf of Papua
Gulf of Papua: large embayment on Papua New Guinea's south coast opening to the Coral Sea, fed by the Fly, Purari, and Kikori rivers; major tide-dominated deltaic clinoform with ~385 million tonnes of annual sediment input.
Gulf of Penas
Gulf of Penas (Golfo de Penas), an open Pacific gulf in Chile's Aysén Region at about 47°22'S, 74°50'W between Cabo Tres Montes and Cabo Mogotes; named by 1557 for stormy crossings, it overlies the Golfo de Penas-Taitao basin near the Chile Triple Junction.
Gulf of Salalah
The Gulf of Salalah is a broad embayment of the Arabian Sea on the southern coast of Oman's Dhofar governorate, fronting the Salalah plain and the Port of Salalah.
Gulf of Sidra (خليج سدرة)
Gulf of Sidra (Khalīj Surt, Gulf of Sirte) is a large Mediterranean embayment on Libya's central coast, 760 km between Misurata and Benghazi, ancient Syrtis Maior, site of Libya's 1973 Line of Death claim and 1981, 1986, and 1989 US-Libya incidents.
Gulf of Suez
Gulf of Suez: northwestern arm of the Red Sea between Egypt and Sinai, head at Suez, linked to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal; a continental rift still widening 0.5 mm/year and an Egyptian oil province.
Gulf of Taranto
Gulf of Taranto (Golfo di Taranto), embayment of the northern Ionian Sea on southern Italy's instep, named for Taranto (ancient Taras, Spartan colony founded 706 BC); known for its Calabrian-arc tectonics, submarine geohazards, the Port of Taranto, and the Mar Grande SIN remediation site.
Gulf of Tehuantepec
Gulf of Tehuantepec (Golfo de Tehuantepec), Pacific embayment of southern Mexico between Oaxaca and Chiapas; famous for winter Tehuano gap winds through Chivela Pass that drive upwelling, 10 °C single-day SST drops, and mesoscale eddies.
Gulf of Thailand
Gulf of Thailand, formerly Gulf of Siam: semi-enclosed 320,000 km2 bay of the South China Sea bordered by Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Vietnam, up to 85 m deep, with monsoon-reversing circulation, major fisheries, and offshore oil and gas.
Gulf of Tomini
Gulf of Tomini (Teluk Tomini, Tomini Bay): deep semi-enclosed gulf between Sulawesi's northern and eastern arms, opening to the Moluku Sea; borders Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi; contains the Togean Islands and fisheries assessed under EAFM.
Gulf of Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin (Vịnh Bắc Bộ; 北部湾, Beibu Gulf), a shallow semi-enclosed arm of the northwestern South China Sea between Vietnam and Hainan, China; about 128,800 km², delimited by a 2000 China–Vietnam agreement in force 2004, and a major shared fishery.
Gulf of Urabá
Gulf of Urabá (Golfo de Urabá), largest estuary of the Colombian Caribbean in northwestern Antioquia/Chocó; site of Spain's 1510 mainland settlements, banana enclave, Atrato River discharge, salt-wedge sedimentation, and planned deep-water port.
Gulf St Vincent
Gulf St Vincent, South Australia's smaller gulf, an inverse estuary beside Adelaide with salinity up to 42‰, dodge tides, mangrove and seagrass habitats, prawn and snapper fisheries, and a Karenia algal bloom from March 2025.
Hạ Long Bay
Hạ Long Bay (Vịnh Hạ Long), northeastern Viet Nam, Gulf of Tonkin bay of limestone tower karst; UNESCO World Heritage 1994, 2000, extended 2023 with Cat Ba Archipelago; 65,650 ha, 1,133 islands, heavy tourism and conservation pressure.