414 articles
Charles M. Russell Wetland Management District
The Charles M. Russell Wetland Management District is a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service unit managing over 30,000 acres of wetland and grassland habitat across central and south-central Montana.
Chase Lake Wetland Management District
Chase Lake Wetland Management District is a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service unit in Stutsman and Wells counties, North Dakota, part of the Arrowwood Refuge Complex, protecting Prairie Pothole wetlands and grasslands via 136 waterfowl production areas and over 95,000 easement acres.
Checkered keelback
Checkered keelback (Fowlea piscator, formerly Xenochrophis piscator), also called Asiatic water snake: a common semi-aquatic South and Southeast Asian natricine snake with keeled scales, a checkered spot pattern, frog-and-fish diet, and disputed mild venom status.
Chico Hot Springs
Chico Hot Springs is a historic resort in Pray, Montana, Paradise Valley, founded 1900 as the Chico Warm Springs Hotel, with two geothermal pools (96°F and 103°F), a day spa, dining, and National Register listing.
Chilika Lake (ଚିଲିକା ହ୍ରଦ)
Chilika Lake (ଚିଲିକା ହ୍ରଦ), Asia's largest brackish water lagoon, lies on Odisha's coast in India. India's first Ramsar site (1981), it was restored by a new sea mouth opened in 2000, reviving fisheries and migratory bird habitat.
Chitrakote Falls (चित्रकोट जलप्रपात)
Chitrakote Falls (चित्रकोट जलप्रपात), also called Chitrakot, is India's widest waterfall, a 300 m horseshoe cataract on the Indravati River in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh, about 38 km from Jagdalpur, nicknamed the Niagara of India.
Chott de Zehrez Gharbi
Chott de Zehrez Gharbi (Zahrez Gharbi), Ramsar site 1295 in Djelfa, Algeria, designated 2003; a 52,200 ha endorheic saline depression on the high plateaus, important for waterbirds, halophytes, salt production, and grazing.
Chott Ech Chergui
Chott Ech Chergui, a large endorheic salt basin on Algeria's High Plateaus; Ramsar site 1052 (2001, 855,500 ha); second largest chott in North Africa, with thermal springs and migratory waterbirds.
Clara Bog
Clara Bog is a raised bog about 2 km south of Clara, County Offaly, Ireland, regarded as the best remaining example of active midland raised bog in Western Europe.
Cley Marshes
Cley Marshes is a coastal wetland nature reserve at Cley next the Sea on the north Norfolk coast, bought in 1926 as the first county Wildlife Trust reserve.
Coastal squeeze
Coastal squeeze is the loss of intertidal habitats such as saltmarshes and mudflats when fixed defenses like sea walls prevent them migrating landward as sea level rises.
Cold-water geyser
Cold-water geyser (soda pop geyser, CO2-driven geyser): a spring erupting cold water below 20 °C via exsolving carbon dioxide, not steam. Type example Crystal Geyser, Utah, created by a 1936 oil well; studied as analogs of CO2 sequestration leakage.
Complejo Cenagoso de Zapatosa
Complejo Cenagoso de Zapatosa: Colombia's largest continental freshwater wetland, about 1,900 interconnected ciénagas in Cesar and Magdalena departments; Ramsar site (2018) and DRMI (2019), connecting the Magdalena and Cesar rivers.
Complejo de Humedales Cuyabeno Lagartococha Yasuní
Complejo de Humedales Cuyabeno Lagartococha Yasuní, Ramsar site no. 2332, Ecuador's largest Ramsar wetland (773,668 ha), designated 24 August 2017, connecting Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve and Yasuní National Park in the Amazonian Sucumbíos and Orellana provinces.
Complejo de Humedales de la Estrella Fluvial Inírida (EFI)
Estrella Fluvial Inírida (EFI), Colombia's 6th Ramsar site (No. 2217), a 250,158-ha wetland complex in Guainía where the Inírida, Guaviare, Atabapo, and Ventuari rivers form the Orinoco headwaters; designated by Decreto 1275 of 8 July 2014.
Complejo de Humedales de Matusagaratí
Complejo de Humedales de Matusagaratí, Ramsar site 2566 in Darién, Panama: 64,750-hectare wetland designated 28 June 2024, Panama's sixth Ramsar site, its largest wetland, with 259 bird and 51 fish species.
Complejo Lagunar Bahía Guásimas - Estero Lobos
Complejo Lagunar Bahía Guásimas-Estero Lobos (Ramsar site 1790) is a 135,198-hectare coastal wetland complex in Sonora, Mexico, designated 2 February 2008, with mangroves, major wintering waterbird and brant populations, and Yaqui territory.
Coniferous swamp
Coniferous swamp: a forested wetland with at least 50 percent conifer canopy (white cedar, tamarack, balsam fir) where sphagnum moss is not the dominant substrate; saturated soils, hummocky surface, northern lake-basin settings, distinct from bogs and hardwood swamps.
Conservation and restoration of waterlogged wood
Conservation and restoration of waterlogged wood treats archaeological or historical wood from shipwrecks, wells, and bogs, most often by impregnation with polyethylene glycol followed by controlled drying.
Constructed wetland
Constructed wetland (artificial wetland, treatment wetland): an engineered wastewater treatment system using wetland plants, soils, and microbes. Shallow FWS or subsurface-flow beds remove BOD, nutrients, and metals at low energy and cost versus activated sludge.
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment are engineered wetland systems that treat wastewater, with subsurface flow beds for secondary treatment and free-water surface wetlands for tertiary treatment.
Coorong National Park
Coorong National Park (Kurrangk) protects a 100-plus-km hypersaline coastal lagoon at the end of the River Murray in South Australia, a Ramsar wetland managed with barrage environmental flows and home to the Ngarrindjeri people.
Coral reef lagoon
Coral reef lagoon: the shallow, sheltered water body between a reef and shore or inside an atoll rim, connected to the ocean by channels and passes; sandy substrate, patch reefs, distinct benthic communities, lowest coral diversity on lagoon slopes.
Corduroy road
Corduroy road: a road of logs laid transversely across swampy ground, also called log crossway. Known from a 4780 BC German track, used by Civil War armies, colonists, and still in forestry.
Cornus sericea
Cornus sericea (redosier dogwood, syn. Cornus stolonifera), a deciduous North American Cornaceae shrub to 4 m of wet soils, hardy to USDA zone 2, with red winter stems, and an emerging invasive in Europe.
Cowardin classification system
The Cowardin classification system is the 1979 US Fish and Wildlife Service scheme for classifying American wetlands and deepwater habitats, now the basis of the National Wetlands Inventory.
Curonian Spit
The Curonian Spit (Kuršių nerija, Куршская коса) is a 98 km transboundary sand-dune peninsula between the Baltic Sea and Curonian Lagoon, a 2000 UNESCO cultural landscape shaped by dune stabilization works.
Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus, also called Nile grass, is a tall aquatic sedge native to Africa and northern Israel, best known as the raw material for papyrus paper in ancient Egypt.
Danish Plant Communities
Danish plant communities (plantesamfund), a term coined by Warming in 1895, are recurring species groupings classified nationally via Danveg's 130 communities and legally via CORINE and the EU Habitats Directive.
Danube Delta
The Danube Delta, where the Danube meets the Black Sea across Romania and Ukraine, is Europe's largest and best-preserved delta: a 580,000-ha UNESCO biosphere reserve with Chilia, Sulina, and Sfântu Gheorghe branches, over 300 bird species, and heavy human modification.