13 articles
1968 Tour de France
The 1968 Tour de France, the 55th edition, was won by Dutch rider Jan Janssen on the final time trial, the last Tour run by national teams.
2002 Tour de France
2002 Tour de France, 89th edition, 3,272 km from Luxembourg; Lance Armstrong won a fourth consecutive Tour on 28 July 2002 with Jan Ullrich absent through knee injury; result later annulled for doping.
2006 Tour de France
2006 Tour de France, 93rd edition, July 1-23, 3,600 km. Floyd Landis won on the road but was disqualified for testosterone; Óscar Pereiro was awarded the title on October 16, 2007.
Biological passport
Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), WADA anti-doping program since 2009; monitors blood and urine markers longitudinally via a Bayesian adaptive model, with haematological, steroidal, and developing endocrine modules, to detect doping indirectly.
Death of Tom Simpson
Tom Simpson was a British professional road racing cyclist, 1965 world champion, who died climbing Mont Ventoux on stage 13 of the 1967 Tour de France.
Doping at the Tour de France
Doping at the Tour de France is the use of banned substances and methods by riders, and the anti-doping response, defined by the 1998 Festina affair and the Armstrong era.
Doping in the early Tour de France
Doping in the early Tour de France was the open, legal use of stimulants, painkillers, and alcohol by riders from 1903 until France criminalised doping in 1965.
Floyd Landis
Floyd Landis, American cyclist who won the 2006 Tour de France, was stripped of the title for testosterone doping, confessed in 2010 and implicated Lance Armstrong, later founding Floyd's of Leadville.
History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations
History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations: accusations from the 1999 Tour, the 2005 L'Équipe EPO report, the 2012 USADA lifetime ban and title stripping, and the 2013 Oprah confession.
Lance Armstrong
Lance Armstrong, American cyclist, won seven consecutive Tours de France (1999-2005), founded Livestrong, then received a 2012 USADA lifetime ban and result annulment for leading the USPS team doping scheme, confessing to Oprah Winfrey in 2013.
Lance Armstrong doping case
Lance Armstrong doping case: USADA proceeding that banned Armstrong for life in 2012, voided results from August 1, 1998, and stripped his seven Tour de France titles over the US Postal Service team doping conspiracy.
Stripped Tour de France titles and results
Stripped Tour de France titles are overall victories annulled by governing bodies, most often for doping; Garin (1904), Armstrong (1999–2005), Landis (2006), and Contador (2010) all lost theirs.
Tom Simpson
Tom Simpson (1937–1967) was a British road cyclist, the first British world road champion (1965) and first Briton to wear the Tour de France's yellow jersey (1962).