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Axel jump
Axel jump: figure skating jump named for Axel Paulsen, first performed Vienna 1882; only jump with forward outside takeoff, adding half a rotation (quad Axel = 4.5 turns). First landed by Malinin, 2022.
Figure skating jumps
Figure skating jumps: the six ISU-recognized jumps (toe loop, Salchow, loop, flip, Lutz, Axel), split into edge and toe pick-assisted takeoffs, with quad base values 9.5 to 12.5 points and the Axel as the only forward-takeoff jump.