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Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
Anglo-French War (1778–1783), or Bourbon War: the Anglo-French conflict arising from France's 1778 Treaty of Alliance with the United States, a global naval war fought in the Channel, Mediterranean, Caribbean, and India, ending in the 1783 Peace of Paris.
Anglo-French Wars
Anglo-French Wars: recurring conflicts between England/Britain and France, chiefly the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) over Gascony and the French crown, ending at Castillon, plus the Second Hundred Years' War to Waterloo.
Anglo-Frisian languages
Anglo-Frisian languages: putative West Germanic subgroup of the Anglic languages (English, Scots) and Frisian, marked by Anglo-Frisian brightening and velar palatalization, with debated common-ancestor versus dialect-continuum origins.
Anglo-German Naval Agreement
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (deutsch-britisches Flottenabkommen), bilateral treaty signed in London June 18, 1935 by Hoare and Ribbentrop, fixing the German navy at 35% of British Commonwealth strength, submarines up to 45% without notice, replacing Versailles naval limits.
Anglo-German naval arms race
Anglo-German naval arms race: pre-1914 battleship competition between the Royal Navy and Tirpitz's High Seas Fleet, begun by Germany's 1898 and 1900 Navy Laws and the risk theory, intensified by HMS Dreadnought in 1906, and effectively lost by Germany by 1912 under British financial pressure.
Anglo-Indian novel
The Anglo-Indian novel is fiction in English by British authors about India and Anglo-Indian life, developing from the late eighteenth century to 1947, with Rudyard Kipling and E. M. Forster as central authors.
Anglo-Indian people
Anglo-Indian people: mixed European-paternal, Indian-maternal community in India, formerly called Eurasians (renamed 1911); defined by Article 366(2), reserved Lok Sabha seats 1952–2020, large post-1947 diaspora.
Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha
Two Lok Sabha seats reserved for the Anglo-Indian community, filled by presidential nomination under Article 331 from 1952 to 2020, abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922
The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922 (معاهدة التحالف العراقية البريطانية 1922) was an alliance between Britain and King Faisal I's Iraq, signed at Baghdad on 10 October 1922.
Anglo-Iraqi War
The Anglo-Iraqi War, also called the Rashid Ali Revolt or Revolution of 1941, was the April–May 1941 British-led invasion of Iraq after Rashid Ali al-Kaylani's pro-Axis coup, ending in British occupation and the Farhud pogrom.
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty, formally the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, signed 6 December 1921, ended the Irish War of Independence, created the Irish Free State as a Dominion, and triggered the Irish Civil War.
Anglo-Japanese Alliance (日英同盟)
The Anglo-Japanese Alliance (日英同盟), signed 30 January 1902, bound Britain and Japan to neutrality or joint war in East Asia; renewed 1905 and 1911, replaced by the Four-Power Treaty and terminated 1923.
Anglo-Japanese Convention of Nagasaki
The Anglo-Japanese Convention of Nagasaki (日英和親条約) was a treaty signed at Nagasaki on 14 October 1854 by Admiral James Stirling and Japanese officials, opening Nagasaki and Hakodate to British ships.
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (日英通商航海条約) was signed in London in 1894, ending British extraterritoriality in Japan from 1899 and superseded in 1911.
Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899
The Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899 (اتفاقية الكويت البريطانية 1899) was a secret agreement between Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah of Kuwait and Britain, establishing a de facto British protectorate.
Anglo-Manipur War
The Anglo-Manipur War, or Khongjom Lan, was the 1891 war between British India and the princely state of Manipur, decided at the Battle of Khongjom.
Anglo-Merina Treaty of 1817
The Anglo-Merina Treaty of 1817 was an agreement between Britain and Radama I of Madagascar, signed at Tamatave, ending the slave trade for British military support.
Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856
The Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856 was an agreement signed at Tangier on 9 December 1856 between Great Britain and the Sultan of Morocco, opening Morocco to British trade.
Anglo-Nepalese War (नेपाल–अंग्रेज युद्ध)
Anglo-Nepalese War (नेपाल–अंग्रेज युद्ध), also Gorkha War: 1814–1816 conflict between the East India Company and Nepal, ended by the Treaty of Sugauli ceding one third of Nepal and starting Gurkha recruitment.
Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman, also called Insular French or Anglo-French, is the medieval French variety brought to England in 1066, used in government and law until the mid-15th century, and a major source of English vocabulary.
Anglo-Norman literature
Anglo-Norman literature is writing in the French of England from the Norman Conquest of 1066 until the language ceased to have an independent literary existence.
Anglo-Normans
Anglo-Normans: the French-speaking ruling people formed in England after the 1066 Norman Conquest under William the Conqueror; also called the Anglo-Norman elite. Known for land dispossession, Anglo-Norman French government language, castles, and assimilation into English identity by c.1220.
Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919
The Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 (قرارداد ۱۹۱۹) was a treaty between Britain and Qajar Iran, announced in August 1919 but never ratified by the Iranian parliament.
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company, later the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, was a British oil company formed in 1909 to work the D'Arcy concession in Persia, with the government taking a majority stake in 1914.
Anglo-Persian War
The Anglo-Persian War (جنگ ایران و انگلیس) was the 1856 war between Britain and Qajar Iran, triggered by Iran's capture of Herat and ended by British victory.
Anglo-Polish alliance
Anglo-Polish alliance: the 1939 British guarantee to Poland (31 March) and Agreement of Mutual Assistance (25 August 1939), pledging mutual aid against European aggression; it led Britain to declare war on Germany on 3 September 1939 and ran until August 1944.
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (Aliança Luso-Inglesa): the England/UK–Portugal alliance, cited as the world's oldest in force, based on the treaties of Tagilde (1372), London (1373), and Windsor (1386), renewed through the Methuen treaties of 1703 and NATO membership.
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891
The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891, signed by Great Britain and Portugal on 11 June 1891, defined colonial boundaries in Africa, recognizing Portuguese Mozambique and Angola while placing Barotseland and Manica in the British sphere.
Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907
The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (کنوانسیون ۱۹۰۷) was a British-Russian agreement, signed at St. Petersburg, dividing Persia into spheres of influence and settling claims over Afghanistan and Tibet.
Anglo-Russian Entente (1907)
The Anglo-Russian Entente (Англо-русское соглашение 1907 года), signed in St Petersburg in 1907, divided Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet into British and Russian spheres of influence, completing the Entente before World War I.