519,064 articles
Appanage
Apanage: territory or revenue from the French royal domain granted to younger royal sons, reverting to the crown absent male heirs; also English crown duchies and German princely endowments.
Appanage Russia
Appanage Russia (udel Rus, 1240–1480): the era of divided Rus principalities between Kievan Rus and Muscovite Russia, marked by princely territorial subdivision, Mongol overlordship and yarlyks, debates over feudalism, and Moscow's consolidation ending the appanage system.
Appar
Appar, also known as Tirunavukkarasar, was a seventh-century Tamil Shaiva saint and poet, one of the 63 Nayanmars, whose Tevaram hymns occupy books 4 to 6 of the Tirumurai canon.
Apparatus (journal)
Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe: peer-reviewed, open-access, multilingual film and media studies journal, ISSN 2365-7758, founded 2015 in Berlin by Natascha Drubek, Scopus-indexed.
Apparent death
Apparent death, also called tonic immobility, thanatosis, or playing possum, is an unlearned defensive behavior in which prey adopt a motionless posture after predator contact, lasting seconds to hours.
Apparent diffusion coefficient
The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a quantitative measure from diffusion-weighted MRI of water mobility in tissue, reduced within minutes in acute stroke and typically lower in cellular tumors.
Apparent horizon
An apparent horizon is a black hole boundary defined locally on a spacelike slice of spacetime, unlike the global event horizon, making it the practical boundary in numerical relativity.
Apparent magnitude
Apparent magnitude, also known as visual or stellar magnitude, measures how bright a celestial object appears from Earth on a scale where lower numbers mean brighter.
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME, OMIM 218030) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by HSD11B2 mutations; deficient 11β-HSD2 lets cortisol activate the mineralocorticoid receptor, causing juvenile low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension with hypokalemic alkalosis.
Apparent power
Apparent power, written S, is the product of rms voltage and rms current in an AC circuit, measured in volt-amperes; transformers and UPS systems are rated in it.
Apparent resistivity
Apparent resistivity is the resistivity a subsurface would have if it were homogeneous and isotropic, computed from DC survey measurements and inverted to recover a true resistivity model.
Apparent retrograde motion
Apparent retrograde motion, also called apparent retrograde and direct motion, is the temporary reversal of a planet's apparent direction among the stars, produced by Earth's orbital motion.
AppArmor
AppArmor (Application Armor) is a Linux Security Module providing mandatory access control through per-application profiles loaded from user space, in the mainline kernel since 2010 and default on Ubuntu.
Appassionata (novel)
Appassionata is the title of several unrelated novels: Eva Hoffman's 2009 Other Press literary novel about pianist Isabel Merton and a Chechen exile, Jilly Cooper's 1996 Rutshire Chronicles book about conductor Abigail Rosen, and Fannie Hurst's 1926 novel.
Appayya Dikshitar
Appayya Dikshitar (अप्पय्य दीक्षित), also called Appayya Dikshita, was a Sanskrit philosopher and polymath of the Tamil country, c. 1520–1593, credited with one hundred books.
APPBP1
APPBP1, also called NAE1 (UniProt Q13564), is the regulatory subunit of the human NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 heterodimer with UBA3; it scaffolds NEDD8 activation, gates against ubiquitin misactivation, and is a cancer drug target via MLN4924.
Appeal
Appeal: a challenge to a prior legal determination brought to a higher court. Also known as appellate review; parties are appellant and appellee. Distinguishes appeals of right from discretionary review, three-judge federal panels, and de novo, clear-error, and abuse-of-discretion standards.
Appearance of the First False Dmitry
The Appearance of the First False Dmitry (Появление Лжедмитрия I) was the emergence of an impostor who claimed Ivan the Terrible's son and became tsar in 1605.
Appeasement
Appeasement: diplomatic strategy of conceding to aggressive powers to avoid war, chiefly British policy toward Nazi Germany under Chamberlain; culminated in the 1938 Munich Agreement ceding the Sudetenland, failed in March 1939, and ended with war on September 3, 1939.
Appellate court
Appellate court: a court reviewing lower-court or agency decisions for legal error, including intermediate courts such as the U.S. courts of appeals (Evarts Act 1891) and the Court of Appeal of England and Wales (1875), with three-judge panels and tiered standards of review.
Appellation
An appellation is a legally defined, protected geographical name on wine labels, requiring grapes from a delimited area made under set production rules, beginning with France's 1935 AOC system.
Appellation d'origine contrôlée
Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) is the French national appellation system, created in 1935, binding products like wine, cheese, and cognac to a delimited terroir and cahier des charges; it is the national equivalent of the European AOP.
Appen (company)
Appen Limited is an Australian data annotation company founded in Sydney in 1996, with over 1 million contributors in 170+ countries serving AI model builders.
Appendage (film)
Appendage is a 2023 American horror comedy film written and directed by Anna Zlokovic, her feature debut, expanded from her 2021 Hulu Bite Size Halloween short. Hadley Robinson plays Hannah, a fashion designer whose self-doubt manifests as a monstrous growth; it premiered at SXSW and streamed on Hulu from October 2, 2023.
Appendage regeneration in arthropods
Appendage regeneration in arthropods is the ability of insects and crustaceans to regrow lost legs, claws, and antennae via a blastema, tied to the molting cycle.
Appendectomy
Appendectomy (appendicectomy) is surgical removal of the vermiform appendix to treat appendicitis. First published removal by Amyand in 1735; laparoscopic approach since Semm in 1980 is now standard, with antibiotics an alternative in selected uncomplicated cases.
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (AMN; LAMN, HAMN), a rare mucin-producing appendix tumor and main cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei; treated by appendectomy, hemicolectomy, or CRS with HIPEC.
Appendicitis
Appendicitis, inflammation of the appendix (vermiform appendix), the most common abdominal surgical emergency; treated by laparoscopic appendectomy or, in selected uncomplicated cases, antibiotics, with APPAC and CODA trial outcomes.
Appendicular concretions
Appendicular concretions (appendicoliths, fecaliths; ICD-11 DB11.2, ICD-10 K38.1) are calcified fecal stones in the appendix lumen, found in roughly 40% of appendicitis CT scans, linked to complicated appendicitis and antibiotic-treatment failure, but often incidental.
Appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the human skeleton formed by the upper and lower limb bones and the girdles attaching them to the axial skeleton, totaling 126 bones.