519,064 articles
Arabic maqam
Arabic maqam (مقام), the modal system of Arabic music, built from ajnas with sayr melodic paths and quarter-tone intervals standardized at the 1932 Cairo Congress; distinct from Turkish makam in neutral-third tuning, with regional Egyptian, Levantine, Iraqi, and Maghrebi traditions.
Arabic memoir
The Arabic memoir (مذكرات) is a first-person narrative recording public or historical events an Arab writer witnessed or helped shape, distinct from autobiography by its outward, witness-like focus.
Arabic music
Arabic music: modal musical tradition of the Arab world, built on maqamat (melodic modes with microtonal, non-equal-tempered intervals) and cyclical rhythms, centered on melody and improvisation rather than harmony, with roots in Umayyad and Abbasid theory.
Arabic name
Arabic name: the personal-name tradition of Arabic, classically built from ism (given name), kunya (teknonym), nasab (patronymic), nisba (relational adjective), and laqab (title); rooted in pre-Islamic epigraphy, borrowed widely across Muslim communities with phonological adaptation, and variable in English transliteration.
Arabic novel
The Arabic novel (الرواية العربية) is the modern novel written in Arabic, emerging as an artistic genre around 1914 with Muhammad Husayn Haykal's Zaynab and maturing under Naguib Mahfouz.
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals, also called Hindu-Arabic numerals, are the digits 0-9 in a decimal place-value system originating in India, transmitted via Arabic scholars to Europe, with Eastern Arabic-Indic and Western variants.
Arabic poetic drama
Arabic poetic drama (المسرح الشعري), also called the poetic play, is a genre of modern Arabic literature in which plays are written in verse, pioneered by Ahmad Shawqi in 1927.
Arabic poetry (الشعر العربي)
Arabic poetry (الشعر العربي), measured rhymed verse in Arabic from the pre-Islamic era onward: al-Khalil's sixteen metres, the monorhyme qasida, the Mu'allaqat, Abbasid and Andalusian forms, and the Nahda revival.
Arabic political theatre
Arabic political theatre (المسرح السياسي العربي) is a current within modern Arab theater that stages political or social problems from a definite viewpoint, flourishing especially in the 1970s.
Arabic popular poetry
Arabic popular poetry (الشعر الشعبي), also called shiʿr al-ʿāmmiyya, is poetry composed in spoken Arabic dialects rather than Classical Arabic, transmitted by performance and song.
Arabic popular theatre
Arabic popular theatre (المسرح الشعبي) is the body of traditional, largely improvised performance forms of the Arab world, including shadow play, Karakoz farces, and the muhabbazun comic street players.
Arabic prose poem
The Arabic prose poem (قصيدة النثر) is a modern Arabic poetic form that abandons classical meter and rhyme, relying on internal rhythm from repetition and dense imagery.
Arabic prose poetry
Arabic prose poetry, qaṣīdat al-nathr (قصيدة النثر), is a modern Arabic poetic form written without classical meter or rhyme, promoted by Adonis and Unsi al-Hajj from about 1960.
Arabic script
Arabic script (al-kitabah al-arabiyyah) is a right-to-left cursive abjad of 28 consonants descended from Aramaic via Nabataean, extended by ijam dots to Persian, Urdu, Pashto, and others; Nastaliq is a style, not a separate script.
Arabic short story
The Arabic short story (القصة القصيرة) is a prose-fiction genre of modern Arabic literature defined by brevity, thematic unity, and a concentrated climax, with roots in the nineteenth century.
Arabic theatre
Arabic theatre (المسرح العربي) is the tradition of stage drama in the Arabic language, begun in the mid-1800s as a European import into Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt.
Arabic theatre of the absurd
Arabic theatre of the absurd (مسرح العبث العربي) is Arabic-language drama that adopted European absurdist techniques, reaching Arab playwrights in the 1960s through translations of Ionesco and Beckett.
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, الفكر العربي في عصر النهضة in Arabic, is Albert Hourani's 1962 intellectual history of Arab political thought from 1798 to 1939.
Arabic travel literature
Arabic travel literature, notably the rihla (رحلة, "journey"), is the Arabic tradition of travel writing for pilgrimage and learning, running from ninth-century records to modern novels.
Arabic women's literature
Arabic women's literature (الأدب النسائي) is writing in Arabic by women, spanning classical poets like al-Khansa', Nahda-era pioneers such as Zaynab Fawwaz, and modern fiction, poetry, and criticism.
Arabicization of the chancery
The Arabicization of the chancery (تعريب الدواوين) was the Umayyad replacement of Persian, Greek, and Coptic with Arabic in financial registers, begun by Caliph Abd al-Malik and completed in 700–701.
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis is a genus of nine Brassicaceae species, led by Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), the first plant genome sequenced (2000, about 125 Mb, five chromosomes) and the standard model organism of plant biology.
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, or thale cress, is a small flowering plant in the mustard family and a central model organism in plant biology, with the first fully sequenced plant genome.
Arabinose
Arabinose is a five-carbon aldopentose sugar, C5H10O5, occurring as two enantiomers, L-arabinose and D-arabinose. L-arabinose is abundant in plant cell walls and known as pectin sugar.
Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from wheat bran
Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) from wheat bran, also sold as wheat bran extract, are short prebiotic oligosaccharides (average DP 3-8) made by enzymatic depolymerization of wheat bran arabinoxylan; they raise fecal bifidobacteria and hold FDA GRAS status (GRN 343).
Arabio
Arabio, also spelled Arabion, was a Numidian prince, son of Massinissa II, who recovered part of his father's kingdom after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.
Arabis
Arabis (rockcress) is a genus of Brassicaceae, tribe Arabideae, type species Arabis alpina, with roughly 70-100 accepted Northern Hemisphere temperate-alpine species and a paraphyletic, repeatedly revised circumscription.
Arabis mosaic virus
Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV, Nepovirus arabis) is a bipartite ssRNA nepovirus of Secoviridae infecting hop, grapevine, strawberry, and raspberry, spread mainly in vegetative planting material and by the nematode Xiphinema diversicaudatum.
Arabization (تعريب)
Arabization (تعريب, ta'rib) is the spread of Arabic language and identity and, as modern policy, the postcolonial replacement of English, French, and local languages with standard Arabic in states such as Algeria and Sudan, with mixed outcomes.
Arabization of the diwan and coinage reform of Abd al-Malik
The Arabization of the diwan and coinage reform of Abd al-Malik made Arabic the language of Umayyad government and introduced the first imageless Islamic dinars in 696–697.