Edgepedia

Archaeognatha

Archaeognatha, also called Microcoryphia or jumping bristletails, is the oldest extant order of wingless insects, with monocondylic mandibles, two families (Machilidae, Meinertellidae), around 500 to 600 species, and jumping locomotion.

Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia

UNESCO World Heritage Site (1998, criteria iii, iv, vi) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy: the unexcavated remains of the Roman colony of Aquileia, founded 181 BCE and destroyed by Attila in 452, plus the Patriarchal Basilica with its 4th-century Theodorian mosaic floor.

Archaeological Area of Agrigento

Archaeological Area of Agrigento, the Valley of the Temples (Valle dei Templi), a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sicily since 1997: the ancient Greek polis of Akragas with its row of Doric temples, Hellenistic-Roman quarters, and necropolis.

Archaeological area of Villa di Campetti

Archaeological area of Villa di Campetti (Campetti sud-ovest), a multi-period excavated site on the Veii plateau near Rome: Iron Age huts, an Etruscan sanctuary, a Roman thermal-therapeutic cult complex, and early medieval spoliation, excavated by Sapienza's Progetto Veio since 1996.

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata: Italian serial World Heritage site (1997, criteria iii, iv, v) covering the Roman towns buried by Vesuvius in 79 AD, their villas, 98.05 ha property, two archaeological parks.

Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke (Germany)

Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke (Haithabu and Danewerk), a German UNESCO World Heritage site (2018, no. 1553): a Viking-age trading town and 33 km border rampart on the Schleswig Isthmus, occupied 8th-11th centuries.

Archaeological culture

Archaeological culture: a recurring complex of artifact types (pots, tools, burial rites, house forms) across sites, proposed by Kossinna (1911) and defined by Childe (1929) as the material expression of a people; contested by processual archaeology, NAGPRA affiliation debates, and aDNA research.

Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida

Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida (Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida), remains of Augusta Emerita, Roman colony founded 25 BC, capital of Lusitania, in Extremadura, Spain; UNESCO World Heritage site since 1993 with theatre, amphitheatre, circus, bridge, and aqueducts.

Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco

Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco (Conjunto Arqueológico de Tarraco): UNESCO World Heritage serial site (2000, criteria ii, iii) in Tarragona, Spain, preserving the Roman provincial capital of Hispania Citerior, its walls, forums, circus, amphitheatre, aqueduct, and villas.

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Perak, Malaysia, preserving evidence of human occupation from 1.83 million to 1,700 years ago.

Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba

Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba (Paisaje arqueológico de las primeras plantaciones de café), UNESCO World Heritage site since 2000: 171 abandoned French-Haitian cafetales over 81,475 ha in Sierra Maestra foothills, damaged by Hurricane Melissa in 2025.

Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua

Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua (Parque Arqueológico y Ruinas de Quiriguá), a 1981 UNESCO World Heritage Maya site in Izabal, Guatemala, with 17 sandstone stelae and zoomorphs carved 426–810 AD, including the Maya area's largest plaza.

Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City

Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City (良渚古城遗址), Hangzhou, China: UNESCO World Heritage site (2019) of a Late Neolithic walled city, ca. 3300-2300 BCE, with rice farming, jade burials, and an 11-dam water conservancy system.

Archaeological site

Archaeological site: a place holding physical remains of past human activity, protected under ICOMOS and UNESCO frameworks, dated by relative and absolute methods, and threatened by climate change, conflict, and looting.

Archaeological Site at Plasi of Marathon

Plasi (Πλάσι), coastal Marathon, Attica: a settlement site occupied from the Final Neolithic (c. 3500 BC) to early Christian times, with Bronze Age fortification, a Mycenaean warrior shaft grave, an Archaic sanctuary, and NKUA excavations since 2014.

Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina)

Aigai (Vergina), UNESCO World Heritage site in northern Greece since 1996: first capital of ancient Macedon, with the ca 340 BC royal palace, theatre, and Great Tumulus royal tombs of Philip II and Alexander IV found in 1977-8.

Archaeological site of Atapuerca

The Archaeological Site of Atapuerca is a cave complex near Burgos in northern Spain whose fossils record the earliest humans in Europe, from over one million years ago.

Archaeological Site of Carthage

Archaeological Site of Carthage (Site archéologique de Carthage), a UNESCO World Heritage property in Tunisia inscribed in 1979 over 498.08 ha, preserving Punic, Roman, Vandal, Paleochristian, and Arab remains including Byrsa, the Punic ports, tophet, and Antonin baths.

Archaeological Site of Mystras

Archaeological Site of Mystras (Mystras, Mistras), a fortified late Byzantine city in the Peloponnese, Greece; castle built 1249 by William II of Villehardouin, seat of the Despotate of Morea, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1989.

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar

The Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar, India, is a UNESCO World Heritage property of Buddhist monastery ruins active from the 5th to 13th century.

Archaeological Site of Sabratha

Archaeological Site of Sabratha (Sabratan, 𐤑𐤁𐤓𐤕𐤍), a UNESCO World Heritage site in Zawia district, Libya, inscribed 1982: a Phoenician trading post, later Romanized, famed for its Severan theatre; on the danger list since 2016.

Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns

Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns: a UNESCO World Heritage property (1999, dossier 941) in Argolis, Greece, uniting the two greatest Mycenaean citadels, linked to Homer and inscribed under criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi.

Archaeological Survey of India (भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण)

Archaeological Survey of India (भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण), ASI: India's apex archaeological agency, founded 1861 under Alexander Cunningham, Ministry of Culture. Protects about 3,686 centrally protected monuments under the AMASR Act 1958 through roughly 38 Circles.

Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes

Paquimé (Casas Grandes) is a UNESCO World Heritage adobe city in Chihuahua, Mexico, apogee 14th-15th centuries, a trade link between the Pueblo Southwest and Mesoamerica, with about 2,000 rooms, T-shaped doors, and ball-courts.

Archaeology

Archaeology: study of the human past through material remains. Known for context (provenience), stratigraphic dating, origins in antiquarianism, processual and postprocessual theory, CRM, and NAGPRA.

Archaeology of Israel

Archaeology of Israel: archaeological study of ancient Israel and Judah, long shaped by biblical archaeology, the minimalist–maximalist debates, radiocarbon dating, key finds like the Tel Dan stela, and institutions such as the Israel Antiquities Authority.