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Argeş
Argeș (Județul Argeș) is a Romanian county in Muntenia, seat Pitești, named after the Argeș River. Area 6,826 km², population about 562,000 (2026); home of the Dacia plant at Mioveni and the medieval Wallachian capitals Curtea de Argeș and Câmpulung.
Arghun
Arghun (ارغون) was the fourth Il-khan of Iran, reigning from 1284 to 1291. He took the throne after overthrowing his uncle Ahmad Teguder and sent embassies to Europe seeking an anti-Mamluk alliance.
Arghun Aqa
Arghun Aqa (ارغون آقا) was an Oirat Mongol administrator who governed the Mongol Empire's lands west of the Oxus River from the early 1240s until his death in 1275.
Arghun dynasty
The Arghun dynasty was a Turco-Mongol family that ruled Kandahar from about 1475, then Multan and Sindh from 1520 until the Mughal conquest in 1591.
Argier Rupes
Argier Rupes is a 141-km-wide scarp on Miranda, innermost large moon of Uranus, IAU-approved in 1988 and named for the earlier-action location in Shakespeare's The Tempest; distinct from Mars's Argyre Rupes.
Argiletum Fossae
Argiletum Fossae is a 224-km fossa (long, narrow tectonic depression) on Saturn's moon Dione, centered at 65.18N, 32.10W, IAU-approved in 2011 and named for a district of Rome near the Forum.
Argilla
Argilla is an open-source tool that lets AI engineers and domain experts collect human feedback for datasets; developed by Spain's Recognai as Rubrix, it was acquired by Hugging Face in 2024.
Argilos (Greece)
Argilos (Ἄργιλος), Andrian colony founded 655/654 BC on the Strymon coast of Macedonia, earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast; excavated since 1992 by Bonias and Perreault, conquered by Philip II in 357 BC.
Argimpasa Fluctus
Argimpasa Fluctus is a 950-km-diameter lava flow field (fluctus) on Venus at 0°, 175.5°E, named in 1997 for a Scythian goddess of love and mapped as a large flow lobe of volcanic unit fcZy.
Arginase
Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1), a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme with isoforms ARG1 and ARG2, hydrolyzes L-arginine to ornithine and urea in the urea cycle, competes with NOS in immunity, and its deficiency causes hyperargininemia.
Arginine
Arginine (C6H14N4O2), also called L-arginine, is a basic, proteinogenic amino acid that is conditionally essential in humans and a precursor of nitric oxide, urea, and creatine.
Arginine decarboxylase
Arginine decarboxylase is an enzyme, EC 4.1.1.19, that converts L-arginine to agmatine in plants, bacteria, and archaea, opening the arginine route of polyamine biosynthesis; some bacteria also use an acid-inducible form for acid resistance.
Arginine deiminase
Arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6), microbial hydrolase converting L-arginine to L-citrulline and ammonia; first enzyme of the ADI pathway, an anaerobic ATP-generating route, and basis of the anticancer drug ADI-PEG20.
Arginine N-succinyltransferase beta subunit, C-terminal domain
Arginine N-succinyltransferase beta subunit, C-terminal domain: conserved C-terminal domain of the beta subunit of AstA (EC 2.3.1.109), an acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase that initiates the bacterial AST pathway of arginine degradation to glutamate and succinate.
Arginine repressor
Arginine repressor (ArgR, AhrC in Bacillus): hexameric bacterial transcription factor that, with L-arginine as corepressor, binds 18-bp ARG boxes to repress arginine biosynthesis, activate catabolism, and resolve ColE1 plasmid multimers.
Arginine vasopressin deficiency
Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), formerly called central diabetes insipidus, is a disorder in which the hypothalamus secretes too little AVP hormone, causing dilute urine and excessive thirst.
Arginine vasopressin resistance
Arginine vasopressin resistance (formerly nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, NDI) is a rare kidney disorder of water balance in which renal tubules do not respond to vasopressin, causing 3-20 L/day dilute urine; about 90% of familial cases are X-linked AVPR2 mutations.
Arginine vasotocin
Arginine vasotocin, also called vasotocin, is a cyclic nonapeptide pituitary hormone of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, regulating water balance, blood pressure, and social behavior.
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) is the tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, identified in 1984 as the minimal cell attachment site of fibronectin and the basis for integrin-targeting drugs.
Argininemia
Argininemia (arginase 1 deficiency, hyperargininemia, ARG1-D) is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder causing hyperargininemia, progressive childhood spasticity, seizures, and developmental regression; treated with protein restriction, nitrogen scavengers, and pegzilarginase.
Argininosuccinate lyase
Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL, EC 4.3.2.1), also called argininosuccinic acid lyase, is the urea cycle enzyme splitting argininosuccinate into arginine and fumarate; its inherited deficiency causes argininosuccinic aciduria, a hyperammonemia disorder.
Argininosuccinate synthase
Argininosuccinate synthase, also called argininosuccinic acid synthetase, is a urea-cycle enzyme that uses ATP to combine citrulline with aspartate, forming argininosuccinate; its deficiency causes citrullinemia.
Argininosuccinic aciduria
Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA, argininosuccinate lyase deficiency, ASLD) is an autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder from ASL gene variants at 7q11.21, causing hyperammonemia, arginine deficiency, liver disease, hypertension, and trichorrhexis nodosa.
Argiope (spider)
Argiope (Audouin, 1826) is a cosmopolitan genus of about 89 orb-weaving spiders in Araneidae, known for zigzag silk stabilimenta, colorful large females, strong sexual dimorphism, and species such as A. bruennichi and A. aurantia.
Argiope aurantia
Argiope aurantia, the yellow garden spider or writing spider, is a large North American orb-weaver (Araneidae) ranging Canada to Costa Rica, with females 14-24 mm, zigzag stabilimentum webs, over 1,000 eggs per sac, and a medically insignificant bite.
Argiope Linea
Argiope Linea is an IAU-approved linea, a linear tectonic feature, on Jupiter's moon Europa, about 689 km across near the equator, named in 1979 after a Greek name for Telephassa and observed by Galileo in 1997.
Argiotoxin
Argiotoxin (argiotoxin-636, ArgTX-636, argiopine) is an acylpolyamine venom toxin of Argiope orb-weaver spiders that blocks NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor channels, paralyzing insect prey.
Argiris Efstratiadis
Argiris Efstratiadis (Αργύρης Ευστρατιάδης), born 1941, is a Greek molecular biologist known for developing cDNA cloning, discovering the first imprinted gene, Igf2, and serving as professor of genetics at Columbia University.
Argishti I
Argishti I was king of Urartu, the kingdom centered on Lake Van, whose early-8th-century BC campaigns carried Urartian rule north of Mount Ararat and into the lands around Lake Urmia.
Argishti II
Argishti II, also known as Argišti II, was king of Urartu, the kingdom centered on Lake Van, reigning around 713–690 BC after his father Rusa I.