Edgepedia

Transcription termination factor Rho

Rho (ρ-factor), bacterial transcription termination factor discovered by Jeff Roberts in E. coli in 1969; a ring-shaped hexameric ATP-dependent RNA helicase that binds C-rich rut sites and dissociates RNA polymerase.

Transcription-mediated amplification

Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification method that uses two enzymes to amplify RNA or DNA targets for pathogen detection and blood screening.

Transcriptional Activation

Transcriptional activation is the increase in a gene's transcription rate, occurring when DNA-bound activator proteins recruit or stimulate RNA polymerase assembly at the gene's promoter.

Transcriptional and immune response regulator

TCIM (formerly C8orf4, TC-1, thyroid cancer protein 1) is a vertebrate protein-coding gene encoding a 106-aa disordered regulator that enhances Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by binding Chibby and supports macrophage phagocytosis and spinal cord regeneration.

Transcriptional antitermination N peptide

Transcriptional antitermination N peptide: the arginine-rich motif of bacteriophage lambda N protein that binds the boxB RNA hairpin, recruits Nus factors, and converts RNA polymerase into a termination-resistant, processive form.

Transcriptional coactivator

Transcriptional coactivators are non-DNA-binding proteins recruited by transcription factors to boost gene expression, including Mediator, CBP/p300, and the SRC family; they integrate signaling, drive disease, and are drug targets via SMIs, PROTACs, and molecular glues.

Transcriptional regulator SgrR

SgrR (formerly yabN) is an E. coli winged-helix transcription factor, 551 aa, that senses glucose-phosphate stress and activates sgrS transcription; divergently transcribed from sgrS, with homologs mainly in Enterobacteriaceae.

Transcriptional regulator SirC

SirC (HilC, SprA; UniProt P0CL09) is a 295-amino-acid AraC-family transcription factor encoded in Salmonella typhimurium SPI1 that positively regulates the invasion type III secretion system through a HilA-independent pathway.

Transcriptional regulator UL34

Transcriptional regulator UL34 (pUL34), HCMV gene UL34 product, is a nuclear sequence-specific DNA-binding repressor of the US3 and US9 immune evasion genes, essential for HCMV replication; distinct from HSV UL34 membrane protein.

Transcriptional Regulatory Elements

Transcriptional regulatory elements: DNA sequences (promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, locus control regions) that control gene transcription via transcription factors, coactivators, and chromatin mechanisms.

Transcriptional regulatory protein CpxR

CpxR is the cytoplasmic response regulator of the CpxAR two-component envelope stress system in Gram-negative bacteria, phosphorylated by CpxA, controlling over 100 E. coli genes and virulence factor expression.

Transcriptional regulatory protein RcsA

RcsA is an unstable LuxR-family auxiliary transcriptional regulator in E. coli and other enteric bacteria; with RcsB it activates colanic acid capsule (cps) genes, is degraded by Lon protease (5-min half-life), and is regulated by H-NS and DsrA.

Transcriptional regulatory protein RcsB

RcsB is a transcriptional regulatory protein serving as the response regulator of the Rcs phosphorelay in Enterobacteriaceae, controlling more than 5% of genes, including those for capsules, biofilms, and virulence.

Transcriptome

Transcriptome: the complete set of RNA transcripts in a cell or tissue, also called gene readouts. Measured by RNA-seq, microarrays, single-cell, spatial, and long-read methods; differs between cells despite identical genomes.

Transcriptome assembly

Transcriptome assembly is a bioinformatics method that reconstructs transcript sequences, including alternatively spliced isoforms, from short-read RNA sequencing data, de novo or genome-guided, serving researchers studying organisms without reference genomes.

Transcrocetin

Transcrocetin, also called α-crocetin or 8,8ʹ-diapocarotenedioic acid, is the all-trans isomer of crocetin, a yellow apocarotenoid from saffron whose disodium salt was developed as an oxygen diffusion enhancer.

Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitoring

Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (tcPO2/tcPCO2, transcutaneous capnometry): noninvasive, continuous measurement of skin-surface oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures using heated electrodes, developed from 1972, routine in neonatal ICU.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a non-invasive technique that delivers low-voltage electrical pulses through surface electrodes on acupuncture points to relieve pain and prevent nausea.

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation, most commonly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), delivers low-voltage pulsed current through electrodes on intact skin to stimulate nerves for pain relief.

Transcutaneous oximetry

Transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2) is a noninvasive test that measures oxygen partial pressure at the skin surface using a heated electrode, guiding wound care and limb ischemia assessment.

Transcutaneous pacing

Transcutaneous pacing (TCP, external pacing): emergency noninvasive cardiac pacing via skin electrodes for symptomatic bradycardia; a short-term bridge to transvenous pacing, ineffective in asystolic arrest; pioneered by Paul Zoll, re-introduced 1981 with 40 ms pulses and 80 cm2 electrodes.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique using skin electrodes to activate spinal cord circuits, used to restore motor function after spinal cord injury.

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that passes weak direct current through skin electrodes over the spine to modulate spinal cord excitability.

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation treatment that delivers electrical pulses to the tibial nerve at the ankle through skin electrodes, used mainly for overactive bladder.

Transdermal patch

Transdermal patch: adhesive drug-delivery system releasing medication through skin into systemic circulation over days. First marketed 1979 (scopolamine, Transderm Scop); nitroglycerin patches 1981; reservoir vs matrix designs; avoids first-pass metabolism.

Oct 15, 2026

Transdev

Transdev is a French multinational transport operator headquartered near Paris that runs bus, rail, tram, and ferry networks under contracts in 19 countries, with 107,000 employees.

Transdierna

Transdierna (Transdiana), Roman fort on the right bank of the Danube at Tekija, Serbia, opposite Dierna (Orșova); attested by Procopius, De Aedif. IV, 4; a bridgehead pair of the Iron Gates Danube limes, active in the Dacian Wars.