519,064 articles
Transpadana
Transpadana (Gallia Transpadana), Roman name for Cisalpine Gaul north of the Po; Augustan Regio XI with Mediolanum, Augusta Taurinorum, Augusta Praetoria; Latin right 89 BC, citizenship 49 BC.
Transparency (behavior)
Transparency (behavior): the practice of making information, decisions, and reasoning visible to outsiders, also called openness or disclosure. Studied in governance (FOI laws, audit institutions), organizations, and education, with documented benefits for accountability and limits from information overload and strategic secrecy.
Transparency and publicity in international arbitration
Transparency and publicity in international arbitration describes the shift from confidential proceedings toward public access, driven by the 2014 UNCITRAL Transparency Rules and 2022 ICSID Rules in investment treaty arbitration.
Transparency and translucency
Transparency lets objects be seen clearly through a material, while translucency transmits light diffusely, blurring objects beyond; the distinction is the presence of subsurface scattering, and opaque materials transmit no light.
Transparency in HRI
Transparency in human-robot interaction (HRI) is the degree to which a robot makes its state, behavior, and intent understandable to the human, strongly affecting trust.
Transparency International
Transparency International (TI), anti-corruption NGO founded 1993 by Peter Eigen in Berlin, runs the Corruption Perceptions Index (0-100 scale, 13 data sources) and 100+ national chapters; Denmark topped its 2025 CPI with 89 points.
Transparent (TV series)
Transparent is an American comedy-drama series created by Jill Soloway for Amazon Prime, premiering September 26, 2014. It stars Jeffrey Tambor as Maura Pfefferman, a transgender woman, in a Los Angeles family drama that ran five seasons.
Transparent City
Transparent City (Os Transparentes) is a 2012 novel by Angolan writer Ondjaki, set in Luanda, translated into English in 2018 and winner of the 2013 José Saramago Prize.
Transparent conducting film
A transparent conducting film is a thin film combining high electrical conductivity with optical transparency, used as transparent electrodes in touchscreens, flat panel displays, solar cells, and OLEDs.
Transparent conductive oxide for solar cells
Transparent conductive oxides for solar cells are thin films like ITO, FTO, and doped ZnO that transmit sunlight while conducting charge, balancing transparency against conductivity.
Transparent IGZO electronics
Transparent IGZO electronics are thin-film transistors whose channel is amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide, a semiconductor that is transparent yet conducts electrons, first reported in 2004.
Transparent solar module
A transparent solar module is a photovoltaic module that generates electricity while transmitting visible light, letting windows, building facades, and vehicle glazing produce power without blocking the view.
Transparent wood
Transparent wood (TW) is a bio-based composite in which lignin is removed from wood and pores are filled with a polymer, transmitting light while keeping the wood's strength.
Transpedicular fixation
Transpedicular fixation is a spinal instrumentation technique in which screws passed through the pedicles into the vertebral bodies are connected by rods to stabilize spinal segments, usually alongside fusion.
Transperineal biopsy
Transperineal biopsy, also called transperineal prostate biopsy, is a prostate biopsy technique in which the needle enters through the perineum, avoiding rectal bacteria and reducing sepsis risk.
Transpersonal psychology
Transpersonal psychology, founded by Abraham Maslow and Anthony Sutich with the 1969 Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, is a humanistic-psychology branch studying higher states of consciousness, self-transcendence, and spiritual experience; its organizations, themes, quantitative assessment limits, and scientism-versus-romanticism criticism distinguish it.
Transphobia
Transphobia: prejudice, hatred, or fear of transgender people (ECRI definition), spanning interpersonal misgendering, violence, and structural laws. Measured via GMSR and Everyday Discrimination Scale; 187 studies link it to poor mental health and substance use.
Transphorm
Transphorm, Inc. was an American semiconductor company founded in 2007 in Goleta, California, that made gallium nitride power devices for fast chargers and electric vehicles until Renesas acquired it in 2024.
Transpiration
Transpiration: movement of water vapor from soil through plants out of leaf stomata; dominant terrestrial water flux, over 60% of evapotranspiration, driven by cohesion-tension, studied since Stephen Hales (1727).
Transpiration cooling
Transpiration cooling, also called sweat cooling, is a thermal protection technique in which coolant forced through a porous wall cools it and forms a protective film.
Transpired solar collector
A transpired solar collector is a solar air-heating device in which a dark, perforated metal sheet mounted on a building wall preheats ventilation air, patented as SolarWall in the late 1980s.
Transplant (TV series)
Transplant is a Canadian medical drama created by Joseph Kay, starring Hamza Haq as Syrian refugee doctor Bashir Hamed redoing his residency at Toronto's fictional York Memorial Hospital. Aired on CTV from 2020 and NBC, four seasons, 43 episodes, 15 Canadian Screen Awards.
Transplant experiment
A reciprocal transplant experiment moves ecotypes among home and away habitats and is the gold standard for detecting local adaptation, separating genetic, environmental, and interaction effects on fitness.
Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection is the recipient immune system's attack on grafted tissue, spanning hyperacute, acute cellular, antibody-mediated, and chronic forms; diagnosed by biopsy under the Banff classification, it affects 10-15% of kidney recipients in year one and causes about half of kidney allograft losses.
Transplantation
Transplantation is the medical transfer of cells, tissues, or organs within a body or from donor to recipient; the first successful organ transplant was a kidney, in Boston in 1954.
Transplantation Conditioning
Transplantation conditioning (preparative regimen, conditioning regimen) is chemotherapy, radiation, or antibody treatment before hematopoietic stem cell transplant; it clears marrow, suppresses immunity, and kills tumor, in myeloablative, reduced-intensity, or non-myeloablative forms.
Transplants (band)
Transplants: American punk rock band formed 1999 in Los Angeles by Tim Armstrong (Rancid), Rob Aston, and Travis Barker (blink-182); albums Transplants (2002), Haunted Cities (2005), In a Warzone (2013); punk-hip-hop-reggae mix.
Transplastomic plant
Transplastomic plants carry foreign genes in the chloroplast (plastid) genome rather than the nucleus. First achieved in tobacco (1990), they use homologous recombination, biolistic delivery, and aadA/spectinomycin selection for very high transgene expression and maternal transgene containment.
Transponder
A transponder is a receiver-transmitter combination that receives a signal at one frequency and retransmits it at another, relaying traffic between satellite ground stations and controlling spacecraft.
Transponder (aeronautics)
An aircraft transponder is a radio receiver-transmitter that automatically replies to secondary surveillance radar interrogations, returning identity, pressure altitude, and, in Mode S, a unique 24-bit address.