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Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like, ACT domain
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-like, ACT domain (IPR049321): the ACT-domain fold in the N-terminal regulatory domain of tyrosine hydroxylase; a ferredoxin-like βαββαβ dimerizing regulatory module, allosteric in most homologs but non-allosteric in tyrosine hydroxylase.
Tyrosine aminotransferase
Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT, EC 2.6.1.5, tyrosine transaminase) is a PLP-dependent liver cytosolic enzyme converting L-tyrosine plus 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and glutamate; deficiency causes tyrosinemia type II.
Tyrosine catabolism
Tyrosine catabolism: the five-step degradation of tyrosine via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, homogentisate, and fumarylacetoacetate to fumarate and acetoacetate; enzyme defects cause tyrosinemia and alkaptonuria.
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2), a non-heme iron, BH4-dependent homotetrameric enzyme, catalyzes the rate-limiting conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA in catecholamine biosynthesis; regulated by catecholamine feedback inhibition and Ser40 phosphorylation; its deficiency causes dopa-responsive dystonia and infantile parkinsonism.
Tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine kinase (protein-tyrosine kinase): enzyme transferring ATP gamma phosphate to protein tyrosine residues. 90 human genes (58 receptor, 32 non-receptor); SH2/PTB-docked signaling; imatinib-paradigm drug targets.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is targeted drug treatment with small molecules that block the ATP-binding site of tyrosine kinases, stopping the signaling cancer cells use to grow and survive.
Tyrosine kinase oncogenes and fusion proteins
Tyrosine kinase oncogenes and fusion proteins are growth-signaling kinase genes locked on by retroviral capture or chromosomal fusion, driving cancers such as BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, treatable with imatinib.
Tyrosine phenol-lyase
Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL, EC 4.1.99.2, beta-tyrosinase) is a PLP-dependent bacterial tetrameric lyase cleaving L-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia, and catalyzing the industrial one-step biosynthesis of L-DOPA from pyrocatechol, pyruvate, and ammonia.
Tyrosine recombinase XerD-like
Tyrosine recombinase XerD-like proteins are the XerD branch of tyrosine site-specific recombinases, including XerD itself, XerH, XerS, and archaeal XerA, which resolve circular chromosome dimers at dif sites and are hijacked by mobile elements such as CTXφ.
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with tandem SH2 domains, initiates B cell receptor signaling; autoinhibited until ITAM binding and phosphorylation, distinct from ZAP70, targeted by inhibitors.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 1 (Ptp1, PTP1/YDL230W) is a 335-aa protein tyrosine phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EC 3.1.3.48, nonessential, that dephosphorylates Cdk1-Y19 redundantly with Mih1 and PP2A-Rts1 and is dispensable for MAPK regulation.
Tyrosine—tRNA ligase
Tyrosine—tRNA ligase (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, TyrRS, YARS1) is the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that charges tRNA-Tyr with tyrosine; a functional dimer with class II-like tRNA binding, linked to dominant peripheral neuropathy.
Tyrosinemia type 1
Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1, hepatorenal tyrosinemia) is an autosomal recessive FAH-deficiency disorder causing liver and kidney damage, neurologic crises, and HCC risk; treated with nitisinone and a low-tyrosine diet.
Tyrosinemia type 2
Tyrosinemia type 2 (Richner-Hanhart syndrome, oculocutaneous tyrosinemia) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by TAT gene deficiency at 16q22.2, causing corneal dystrophy, painful palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, and intellectual disability in about half of cases, treated with a tyrosine- and phenylalanine-restricted diet.
Tyrosinemia type 3
Tyrosinemia type 3 is a rare inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by HPD enzyme deficiency, marked by high blood tyrosine and, in some cases, intellectual disability and seizures.
Tyrosol
Tyrosol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol, is a phenolic alcohol found in virgin olive oil and wine, produced by yeast during fermentation, and also made in the human body as a byproduct of tyramine metabolism.
Tyrothricin
Tyrothricin, a peptide antibiotic complex from Brevibacillus parabrevis discovered by René Dubos in 1939, mixes tyrocidines and gramicidins; first mass-produced antibiotic, topical use only due to hemolytic toxicity.
TYRP1
TYRP1, also known as TRP-1, is a human protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p23 that acts in the melanin pathway of pigment-producing cells; mutations cause albinism type 3.
Tyrrell Hatton
Tyrrell Hatton (born 1991, High Wycombe) is an English golfer with 8 DP World Tour wins, the 2020 Arnold Palmer Invitational, LIV Golf wins for Legion XIII, and four Ryder Cup appearances for Europe.
Tyrrell P34
Tyrrell P34 (Project 34), the six-wheeler: Derek Gardner's 1976-77 Formula One car with four 10-inch front wheels. Won the 1976 Swedish GP with Jody Scheckter; the only six-wheeled F1 car to race and win.
Tyrrell Racing
Tyrrell Racing Organisation, Ken Tyrrell's British F1 team (1968-1998), won three Stewart drivers' titles, the 1971 constructors' title, 33 GPs, and raced the six-wheeled P34; sold to BAR, now Mercedes' lineage.
Tyrrhena Dorsa
Tyrrhena Dorsa is an IAU-approved ridge system (dorsa) on Mars in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle, about 763-779 km across near Tyrrhena Patera and Hesperia Planum; named in 1991 from a classical albedo feature.
Tyrrhena Fossae
Tyrrhena Fossae is a 305.55-km IAU-named channel system (fossae, approved 1991) on the northern flank of Tyrrhenus Mons (Tyrrhena Patera), one of Mars's oldest volcanoes, cutting ash-rich pyroclastic shield deposits.
Tyrrhena Terra
Tyrrhena Terra, an ancient heavily cratered highland region of Mars about 2,300 km across, north of Hellas Planitia; known for Noachian crust, hydrated silicates and sulfates, and Tyrrhena Patera volcano.
Tyrrhenian Basin
Tyrrhenian Basin: the young back-arc basin of the Mediterranean between Italy, Corsica-Sardinia, and Sicily, formed by Ionian slab rollback since about 10 Ma, with Vavilov and Marsili oceanic sub-basins reaching 3,600 m depth.
Tyrrhenian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea (Mare Tirreno, Mare Tyrrhenum): arm of the Mediterranean between Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily; deepest western Mediterranean basin (~3,900 m), a young back-arc basin opened by slab rollback since ~10 Ma, with Vavilov and Marsili oceanic sub-basins, Aeolian volcanism, and major ports at Naples and Civitavecchia.
Tyrrhenus Labyrinthus
Tyrrhenus Labyrinthus is an IAU-approved labyrinth of intersecting valleys on Mars, 102.68 km across at 16.18°S, 101.12°E in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle, named in 2006 after the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Tyrrhenus Mons
Tyrrhenus Mons, also known as Tyrrhena Patera, is an ancient, low-relief volcano in the southern highlands of Mars, on the northeast rim of the Hellas impact basin.
Tyrsenian languages
Tyrsenian (Tyrrhenian) is a proposed extinct language family of Etruscan, Rhaetic, and Lemnian, with Camunic disputed, proposed by Helmut Rix in 1998 for pre-Indo-European languages of Italy, the Alps, and Lemnos.
Tyrus (wrestler)
Tyrus is the ring name of George Murdoch, an American professional wrestler best known as WWE's Brodus Clay and as NWA World Heavyweight Champion from 2022 to 2023.