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Autosomal dominant optic atrophy, classic form
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy, classic form (Kjer optic atrophy, optic atrophy type 1, OPA1): a hereditary optic neuropathy with childhood-onset bilateral visual loss, tritan color defects, and temporal disc pallor, caused mainly by OPA1 haploinsufficiency.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited condition in which fluid-filled cysts progressively enlarge both kidneys, causing kidney failure in about half of patients by age 60.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 with tuberous sclerosis
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 with tuberous sclerosis (PKDTS, TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome) is a rare chromosome 16p13.3 deletion disorder causing severe early-onset polycystic kidneys plus tuberous sclerosis features, with end-stage kidney disease typically in the second or third decade.
Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome
Autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS, facio-genito-popliteal syndrome): rare IRF6-related cleft lip/palate disorder with popliteal knee webbing, lip pits, syndactyly, genital and nail anomalies, about 1 in 300,000.
Autosomal dominant primary hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria
Autosomal dominant primary hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria (ADPHH, HOMG2, renal hypomagnesemia 2, OMIM 154020) is a rare FXYD2-related kidney disorder causing renal magnesium wasting with hypocalciuria, tetany, seizures, and chondrocalcinosis.
Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a rare genetic disorder of progressive eye muscle weakness and drooping eyelids, beginning in adolescence or adulthood and passed to about half of children.
Autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia
Autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia (ORPHA:486, OMIM 202700) is a rare primary immunodeficiency with ANC below 0.5 x 10^9/L, ELANE mutations, maturation arrest, and early-onset bacterial infections, treated with G-CSF.
Autosomal dominant spastic ataxia type 1
Autosomal dominant spastic ataxia type 1 (SPAX1, OMIM 108600) is a rare hereditary spastic ataxia from VAMP1 variants on 12p13, causing lower-limb spasticity, ataxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia with onset around ages 10 to 20.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 10
SPG10 (OMIM 604187), autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia from KIF5A variants at 12q13; pure or complicated lower limb spasticity, neuropathy, parkinsonism; prevalence under 1/1,000,000.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 12
SPG12 (OMIM 604805), also called autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 12, is a rare pure hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by RTN2 variants at 19q13.32, with onset before age 20, lower limb spasticity, and haploinsufficiency as mechanism.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 13
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 13 (SPG13, OMIM 605280) is a rare pure hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by the HSPD1 V72I (p.V98I) mutation in mitochondrial chaperonin Hsp60, first found in a French family, with adolescent-adult onset.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 17
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 17 (SPG17), also called Silver syndrome, is a rare hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by BSCL2 mutations, marked by leg spasticity and wasting of the hand muscles.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 19
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 19 (SPG19, OMIM 607152) is a rare pure hereditary spastic paraplegia mapped to 9q33-q34 in one Italian family; adult onset 36-55 years, mild disability, urinary urgency, gene not identified.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 29
SPG29 (autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 29, OMIM 609727) is a rare complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia mapped to 1p31.1-p21.1, described in one Scottish family with adolescent-onset spastic paraplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, vomiting, and urinary urgency; no causative gene is confirmed.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3 (SPG3A, ATL1-HSP) is an early-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by ATL1 variants encoding atlastin-1, with pure lower-limb spasticity, onset averaging age 4, and about 5% of AD HSP cases.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 31
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 31 (SPG31, hereditary spastic paraplegia 31) is a rare AD neurodegenerative disorder caused by REEP1 variants on chromosome 2p12, causing pure lower-limb spasticity with bimodal childhood or adult onset.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4, SPAST-HSP), the most common hereditary spastic paraplegia, caused by SPAST mutations encoding spastin; progressive leg spasticity, adult onset, ~40% of AD-HSP.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 6
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6, OMIM 600363) is a rare hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by NIPA1 variants at 15q11.2, typically pure HSP with onset 12-35 years, aggressive course, and complex cases with epilepsy in 23%.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 73
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 73 (SPG73) is a rare hereditary neurological disorder caused by mutations in the CPT1C gene, first reported in 2015 in a Pakistani family.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 8
SPG8 (OMIM 603563) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by KIAA0196/strumpellin mutations, with adult-onset progressive leg spasticity, urinary urgency, and frequent wheelchair dependence.
Autosomal dominant spondylocostal dysostosis
Autosomal dominant spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO5, OMIM 122600) is a rare, mild congenital disorder of vertebral and rib segmentation caused by heterozygous TBX6 mutations, inherited dominantly with a 50 percent transmission risk.
Autosomal dominant striatal neurodegeneration
Autosomal dominant striatal neurodegeneration (ADSD, OMIM 609161) is an ultra-rare adult-onset movement disorder from PDE8B mutations, causing bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and pathognomonic symmetric striatal MRI lesions, without tremor or levodopa response.
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
ADTKD (autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease), formerly medullary cystic kidney disease and familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, is a group of rare inherited kidney disorders caused by UMOD, MUC1, REN, HNF1B, and other gene variants, causing progressive CKD with bland urine; diagnosed by genetic testing, no approved treatment.
Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy
Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC) is a rare inherited eye disorder caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene, marked by a circular band of pigmentation in the peripheral retina.
Autosomal fragile site
Autosomal fragile site: heritable breakage-prone loci on non-sex chromosomes, induced by replication stress (aphidicolin, folate deficiency). Includes rare sites like FRA11B, fra(16)(q22); ICD-11 LD47.4, ICD-10 Q95.5.
Autosomal recessive ataxia due to ubiquinone deficiency
Autosomal recessive ataxia due to ubiquinone deficiency (ARCA2, SCAR9, COQ8A-ataxia, COQ10D4): childhood-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia with atrophy from biallelic COQ8A/ADCK3 mutations causing CoQ10 deficiency; treatable with CoQ10 supplementation.
Autosomal recessive ataxia, Beauce type
Autosomal recessive ataxia, Beauce type (ARCA1, SCAR8, SYNE1 ataxia) is a rare autosomal recessive pure cerebellar ataxia with dysarthria caused by SYNE1 mutations, first described in 53 affected members of 26 French-Canadian families from Quebec.
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM, NMAN, Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome) is a rare HINT1-related childhood-onset motor neuropathy with neuromyotonia, EMG discharges, and possible carbamazepine response.
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a rare inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in both copies of the BEST1 gene, with central vision loss and yellow subretinal deposits.
Autosomal recessive brachyolmia
Autosomal recessive brachyolmia, or Hobaek/Toledo type brachyolmia, is a rare PAPSS2-related skeletal dysplasia causing short-trunked short stature, platyspondyly, and scoliosis, with about 20 reported cases.