edgepedia

Edgepedia

519,064 articles

Bar (music)

Bar (music): the vertical barline dividing a staff into measures, each holding the beats set by the time signature; also called measure (US). Covers terminology, notation conventions, and history from mensural notation to modern use.

Bar (unit)

The bar is a metric unit of pressure equal to exactly 100,000 pascals, or about one atmosphere. Proposed in 1906, it remains common in European meteorology and engineering.

Bar and bat mitzvah

Bar and bat mitzvah is the Jewish coming of age, reached at 13 for boys and 12 for girls, traditionally marked by reading from the Torah in synagogue.

Bar association

Bar association: professional organization of lawyers, also called the bar, Law Society, or Bar Council. Ranges from voluntary societies (ABA, founded 1878) to mandatory integrated bars with admission and disciplinary powers; independence from government is a recognized international standard.

Bar associations in Latin America

Bar associations in Latin America, known as colegios de abogados, are mandatory membership corporations; in Argentina, registration with the local colegio is required to practice law.

Bar Bar Bar

"Bar Bar Bar" (빠빠빠) is a 2013 single by South Korean girl group Crayon Pop, whose viral "helmet dance" made it the group's first chart-topper.

Bar bet

Bar bet: a wager made in a bar between patrons or a patron and bartender, either a friendly challenge or a trick bet exploiting word meanings; historically tied to pub games and regulated where facilitated commercially.

Bar Boys: After School

Bar Boys: After School is a 2025 Philippine comedy-drama sequel to Bar Boys (2017), directed by Kip Oebanda, reuniting Aquino, Nacino, Pineda, and Cipriano as law-school friends around a dying mentor, released December 25, 2025 via MMFF.

Bar chart

A bar chart, or bar graph, is a statistical graphic showing categorical data as rectangular bars with lengths proportional to their values, separated by gaps.

Bar complex

The bar complex of an associative algebra A is the chain complex whose n-th term is the tensor power A⊗(n+1), with a differential multiplying adjacent factors with alternating signs.

Bar Confederation

The Confederation of Bar (Konfederacja barska) was an armed alliance of Polish and Lithuanian nobles formed at Bar in 1768 to resist Russian control of the Commonwealth.

Bar Council of India

Bar Council of India (BCI), statutory regulator under the Advocates Act, 1961 (Adhivakta Adhiniyam) for India's legal profession and legal education; sets advocate conduct standards, recognizes law degrees, supervises State Bar Councils, but does not enrol advocates or discipline law students.

BAR domain

BAR domain (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs): crescent-shaped coiled-coil protein dimer that senses and induces membrane curvature. Subfamilies BAR/N-BAR, F-BAR, I-BAR; central to endocytosis, trafficking, and actin-linked membrane remodeling.

Bar examination

Bar examination: the US licensing test for lawyers, historically essay-based since 1855, now the NCBE UBE (MBE, MEE, MPT) transitioning to the laptop-based NextGen UBE from July 2026.

Bar form

Bar form (German: Barform) is a musical form with the AAB pattern, two repeated Stollen followed by a contrasting Abgesang, used by the Minnesinger and Meistersinger.

Bar Harbor, Maine

Bar Harbor, Maine: town on Mount Desert Island, gateway to Acadia National Park; 5,089 residents (2020), tourism- and cruise-driven economy, 1,000-passenger cruise cap contested in court.

Bar Hebraeus

Bar Hebraeus, also known as Abu'l-Faraj, was a Syriac Orthodox historian and polymath who served as Maphrian of the East from 1264 until his death in 1286.

Bar Hill Fort Bathhouse

Bar Hill Fort Bathhouse, Roman bathhouse inside the NW angle of Bar Hill Fort on the Antonine Wall near Twechar, Scotland; 38 m by 5.5 m, hypocaust-heated, excavated 1902-05 and 1978-82, later reused as a pottery kiln site.

Bar Hill Roman Fort

Bar Hill Roman Fort, near Twechar, Dunbartonshire, is the highest fort on the Antonine Wall and the only one detached from it, set about 30 m south of the rampart. Excavated 1902-05, its well yielded shoes, coins and an altar.

Bar Island

Bar Island: name of several small islands, chiefly the tidal island in Acadia National Park, Maine, joined to Bar Harbor by a sand bar walkable 1.5 hours around low tide; also islands in NSW, Canada, and the Marshall Islands.

bar italia

bar italia are a London indie rock trio of Nina Cristante, Jezmi Tarik Fehmi, and Sam Fenton, formed in late 2019 and signed to Matador Records.

Bar Keepers Friend

Bar Keepers Friend is an American brand of household cleaning products, best known for its oxalic acid-based powdered cleanser, first formulated in Indianapolis in 1882 by chemist George William Hoffman.

Bar Kokhba Revolt

The Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–135 CE), also called the Second Jewish Revolt, was the last major Jewish uprising against Roman rule in Palestine, led by Shimon ben Kosiba.

Bar Lev Line (קו בר לב)

Bar Lev Line (קו בר לב), Israeli fortification line along the Suez Canal built from December 1968, named for Chief of Staff Haim Bar-Lev; about 160 km with roughly 30 maozim strongpoints behind a 20-meter sand rampart, collapsed on 6 October 1973 except Budapest.

Bar mleczny

Bar mleczny (milk bar) is a Polish cheap, self-service, alcohol-free cafeteria serving traditional dairy- and flour-based meals all day. First opened 1896 in Warsaw; subsidized under communism and still state-subsidized today.

Bar Paly

Bar Paly (בר פאלי), born Varvara Alexandrovna Paley, is an Israeli-American actress and model from Nizhny Tagil, Russia, raised in Tel Aviv, known for Sorina Luminita in Pain & Gain and Anna Kolcheck on NCIS: Los Angeles.

Bar Refaeli (בר רפאלי)

Bar Refaeli (בר רפאלי), Israeli supermodel born 1985 in Hod HaSharon; 2009 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit cover model, first Israeli in SI, Forbes-listed top Israeli earner, TV host, wife of Adi Ezra.

Bar Rescue

Bar Rescue is an American reality series premiering July 17, 2011 on Spike TV, now on Paramount Network, in which consultant Jon Taffer rescues failing bars via hidden-camera recon, stress tests, retraining, and renovations; about 25% of rescued bars closed within two years per a 2021 IUPUC study.

Bar topnotchers in the Philippines

Bar topnotchers in the Philippines are the examinees with the highest ratings on the Philippine Bar Examinations, administered by the Supreme Court, which lists the top 20.

Bar-end shifter

A bar-end shifter is a bicycle gear lever mounted inside the open end of a drop handlebar, controlling the derailleurs; the type is closely associated with SunTour's 1972 Bar-Con.