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Acute renal papillary necrosis
Acute renal papillary necrosis, also called renal medullary necrosis, is sudden ischemic death of the renal papillae, caused mainly by diabetes, analgesic overuse, sickle cell disease, infection, and obstruction, presenting with flank pain, hematuria, and sloughed papillae.
Acute repetitive seizures
Acute repetitive seizures (seizure clusters, cluster or serial seizures) are closely grouped seizures in epilepsy, increased from the patient's baseline, with recovery between seizures; ICD-11 8A67, treated with benzodiazepine rescue medication.
Acute respiratory acidosis
Acute respiratory acidosis (ICD-11 5C73.0) is sudden hypoventilation causing CO2 retention, elevated PaCO2, and low blood pH. Causes include COPD or asthma exacerbation, pneumonia, opioids, and neuromuscular disease; treated with ventilation and cause-directed therapy.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is rapid, widespread inflammatory lung injury triggered by conditions like pneumonia, sepsis, or trauma, with a mortality rate of about 30 to 50%.
Acute respiratory failure
Acute respiratory failure (ARF, ICD-11 CB41.0) is rapidly developing, life-threatening failure of oxygenation or CO2 elimination, defined by PaO2<60 mmHg or PaCO2≥45 mmHg with pH<7.35, affecting about 56% of ICU patients, managed with oxygen, HFNC, NIV, or mechanical ventilation.
Acute rheumatic pericarditis
Acute rheumatic pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, occurring during acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune disease following group A streptococcal throat infection.
Acute scrotal pain
Acute scrotal pain, the acute scrotum: sudden scrotal pain from testicular torsion, epididymitis, or appendage torsion (85-90% of cases). Torsion is a surgical emergency needing diagnosis within six hours; Doppler ultrasound and the cremasteric reflex guide assessment.
Acute sensory ataxic neuropathy
Acute sensory ataxic neuropathy (ASAN) is a rare Guillain-Barré syndrome variant that begins days to weeks after infection, causing sensory ataxia, areflexia, and positive Romberg sign with minimal weakness.
Acute septic splenitis
Acute septic splenitis (septic spleen), ICD-11 3B81.70, is acute bacterial infection of the spleen seen in septicaemia; historically called acute splenic tumour, related to splenic abscess, treated with antibiotics, drainage, or splenectomy.
Acute sinusitis
Acute sinusitis is short-term inflammation of the sinuses, called acute rhinosinusitis when the nose is also inflamed; 90 to 98% of cases are viral and resolve without antibiotics.
Acute stress disorder
Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a DSM diagnosis, introduced in DSM-IV in 1994, for pathological stress reactions in the first month after trauma; DSM-5 removed its PTSD-predictive role, and trauma-focused CBT is the treatment of choice.
Acute suppurative otitis media
Acute suppurative otitis media is a rapid-onset middle ear infection behind the eardrum that produces pus, mainly affecting young children and often improving within 3 days without antibiotics.
Acute telogen effluvium
Acute telogen effluvium, also called telogen hair loss, is temporary diffuse non-scarring hair shedding starting 2-3 months after a physiological stressor such as fever, childbirth, surgery, or crash dieting; shedding lasts under six months and resolves when the trigger is corrected.
Acute thyroiditis
Acute thyroiditis, also called acute suppurative or infectious thyroiditis, is a rare bacterial or fungal infection of the thyroid gland causing fever, unilateral neck pain, and leukocytosis, treated with antibiotics and abscess drainage.
Acute tonsillitis
Acute tonsillitis (ICD-11 CA03; ICD-10 J03) is infection-caused inflammation of the palatine tonsils, mostly viral (70–95%) with GABHS the main bacterial cause; self-limiting in about a week, treated with penicillin only when bacterial.
Acute toxicity
Acute toxicity: adverse effects from a single dose or doses within 24 hours, by oral, dermal, or inhalation route, quantified by LD50/LC50, used for chemical classification and labelling.
Acute tracheitis
Acute tracheitis (ICD-11 CA05.1) is acute inflammation of the trachea, ranging from mild viral catarrhal disease to bacterial tracheitis, a rare, potentially lethal subglottic infection, mostly post-viral in children, caused chiefly by Staphylococcus aureus.
Acute tricyclic antidepressant poisoning
TCA poisoning is a serious toxic state resulting from TCAs like imipramine and nortriptyline. It produces neurological, cardiac, and anticholinergic features caused by receptor and sodium channel antagonism.
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), also called acute tubular injury, is the most common intrinsic acute kidney injury, caused by renal hypoperfusion (hypotension, sepsis) or nephrotoxins; diagnosed by urine chemistry and casts, treated supportively.
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), part of acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, is a rare acute leukemia whose blasts express immature markers like CD34, HLA-DR, and TdT but lack myeloid and lymphoid lineage-specific markers.
Acute urticaria
Acute urticaria, or acute hives, is mast cell-driven wheals, angioedema, or both lasting 6 weeks or less, with roughly 20% lifetime prevalence, usually self-limiting, diagnosed by history, and treated with antihistamines.
Acute vaginitis
Acute vaginitis (急性阴道炎), ICD-11 GA02.0 / ICD-10 N76.0, is acute inflammation or infection of the vagina, mainly bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomoniasis, diagnosed by pH, KOH, microscopy, and NAAT.
Acute vascular disorders of intestine
Acute vascular disorders of intestine (ICD-11 DD30) is a diagnostic category covering acute intestinal ischemia, where inadequate blood flow to the bowel can be fatal without treatment.
Acute vestibular syndrome
Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is a syndrome of acute-onset, continuous vertigo or unsteadiness lasting days to weeks, caused most often by vestibular neuritis or posterior circulation stroke.
Acute viral hepatitis
Acute viral hepatitis (ICD-11 1E50) is short-term liver inflammation caused mainly by hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E; A and E are fecal–oral and self-limiting, B, C, D are bloodborne, and management is mostly supportive.
Acute viral pharyngitis
Acute viral pharyngitis (ICD-11 CA02.1) is virus-caused inflammation of the pharynx causing sore throat; the most common form of pharyngitis in all ages, self-limited in 7-10 days, treated symptomatically without antibiotics.
Acute vulvitis
Acute vulvitis (ICD-11 GA00.0, ICD-10 N76.2) is sudden-onset inflammation of the vulvar skin and mucosa, causing itching, burning, and redness, usually from infection such as candidiasis or from irritant contact dermatitis.
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), also called AZOOR complex-related disease, is a rare inflammatory outer retinal disorder first described by Gass in 1992, causing photopsias and scotomas with a normal-appearing fundus, mainly in young myopic women.
Acute-phase protein
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are liver-made serum proteins, such as CRP, SAA, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen, whose concentrations rise or fall rapidly during inflammation under IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α control, serving as clinical inflammatory markers.
Acutus Medical
Acutus Medical is a Carlsbad, California arrhythmia management company founded in 2011, known for the AcQMap mapping system and traded on Nasdaq as AFIB until it sold its left-heart access portfolio to Medtronic in 2022.