5 articles
Antipater of Tarsus
Antipater of Tarsus (Ἀντίπατρος ὁ Ταρσεύς), 2nd-century BCE Greek Stoic, sixth scholarch of the Athenian Stoa after Diogenes of Babylon; teacher of Panaetius, respondent to Carneades, author of On the cosmos and On divination.
De Officiis
De Officiis (On Duties/On Obligations), Cicero's 44 BC ethical treatise addressed to his son Marcus, adapts Panaetius's Stoic scheme of duties, weighs honestum against utile, and became one of the most transmitted classical texts.
Diogenes of Babylon
Diogenes of Babylon (Diogenes of Seleucia), c. 240–150 BC, Stoic philosopher, pupil of Chrysippus and fifth head of the Athenian Stoa; joined the 155 BCE embassy of philosophers to Rome, revised Stoic doctrine in logic, ethics, and music, and taught Antipater and Panaetius.
Panaetius (Παναίτιος)
Panaetius (Παναίτιος), Rhodian Stoic philosopher (c. 185–109 BC), head of the Athenian school and founder of Middle Stoicism; friend of Scipio Aemilianus, and author of the lost On Duty preserved through Cicero's De Officiis.
Posidonius
Posidonius of Apamea (135–c. 51 BCE), Greek Stoic philosopher, scientist, and historian of the Middle Stoa; student of Panaetius, teacher of Cicero; none of his treatises survives, known from fragments on ethics, psychology, and the sciences.