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Civil wars, rebellions, and uprisings

648 articles

Fort Robinson Breakout

The Fort Robinson Breakout, also known as the Fort Robinson Massacre, was the January 1879 escape of Northern Cheyenne from confinement at Fort Robinson, Nebraska.

Forty-seven rōnin (四十七士)

Forty-seven rōnin (四十七士, Akō rōshi), the Akō retainers who killed Kira Yoshinaka in Edo in 1702–03 to avenge their lord Asano Naganori; sentenced to seppuku, immortalized as Chūshingura.

Free Aceh Movement

The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) was an armed separatist group founded in 1976 by Hasan di Tiro to win independence for Aceh, Indonesia.

Free Papua Movement

Free Papua Movement (Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM), umbrella Papuan independence organization with armed wing TPNPB, founded mid-1960s, proclaimed independence 1 July 1971, rejects the 1969 Act of Free Choice, escalating insurgency since 2018.

Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion

The Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion (藤原仲麻呂の乱), also called the Emi no Oshikatsu Rebellion, was an armed uprising of 764 in which Nara minister Fujiwara no Nakamaro tried to overthrow retired Empress Kōken.

Galician slaughter

The Galician slaughter (Polish: Rzeź galicyjska) was a peasant uprising in Austrian Galicia in February 1846, in which serfs killed over a thousand Polish nobles and officials.

Gaoche revolt against the Rouran

The Gaoche revolt against the Rouran was the 487 secession of the Gaoche Fufuluo tribe, led by the chiefs Afuzhiluo and Qiongqi, which founded an independent Gaoche State near Turfan.

Ghadar Movement

Ghadar Movement (1913–1918), also Ghadar Party or Hindustan Ghadar Party, a transnational Indian revolutionary organization founded in Oregon and San Francisco by mainly Punjabi Sikh immigrants, seeking armed overthrow of British rule through its newspaper Ghadar.

Gojjam revolt

The Gojjam rebellion was a peasant uprising in Gojjam Province, northwestern Ethiopia, beginning in May 1968 against a new agricultural income tax under Haile Selassie.

Granma landing

The Granma landing was the arrival at Playa Las Coloradas, eastern Cuba, of the yacht Granma carrying 82 men led by Fidel Castro on 2 December 1956.

Great Prussian Uprising

The Great Prussian Uprising was the largest revolt of the pagan Old Prussian tribes against the Teutonic Order, from 1260 to 1274, prompted by the Order's defeat at Durbe.

Great Rebellion of 1780–1782

The Great Rebellion of 1780–1782 was a pan-Andean indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule, led by Túpac Amaru II and Túpac Katari in Peru and Upper Peru.

Great Troubles

The Great Troubles, or Velikaya zamyatnya, was a twenty-year dynastic war in the Golden Horde from 1359 to 1380, with more than 25 khans and Mamai ruling the west.

Green armies (Зелёная Армия)

Green armies (Зелёная Армия) were irregular peasant formations in the Russian Civil War (1918–1922). They arose from Red Army deserters protesting grain requisitioning in Siberia and the Caucasus.

Grito de Asencio

The Grito de Asencio was an armed uprising of 28 February 1811 in the Banda Oriental, when patriots led by Pedro José Viera and Venancio Benavídez rose against Spanish rule.

Grito de Lares

The Grito de Lares, or Cry of Lares, was a rebellion against Spanish rule in Lares, Puerto Rico, on September 23, 1868, proclaiming the Republic of Puerto Rico; it was planned by Ramón Emeterio Betances.

Guatemalan Civil War

Guatemalan Civil War (Guerra Civil de Guatemala, 1960–1996): 36-year conflict between the Guatemalan state and leftist guerrillas such as the URNG; over 200,000 killed, UN-documented genocide against the Maya, ended by the 1996 Firm and Lasting Peace accord.

Guerrero guerrilla movement

The Guerrero guerrilla movement was a rural insurgency in Mexico's Guerrero state, chiefly Lucio Cabañas's Partido de los Pobres and Genaro Vázquez's ACNR, active from 1967 to 1974.

Guevarism

Guevarism, also called foquismo, is Che Guevara's revolutionary theory holding that a small guerrilla foco can create revolutionary conditions, systematized by Debray in 1967 and discredited by failed insurgencies after Guevara's 1967 death in Bolivia.

Guinea-Bissau Civil War

The Guinea-Bissau Civil War was an eleven-month conflict in 1998 and 1999 between President João Bernardo Vieira's government and a military junta led by Ansumane Mané.

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence

The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (1963–1974) was the guerrilla war fought between the PAIGC and Portugal that ended Portuguese rule in what was then Portuguese Guinea.

Gungye's Rebellion

Gungye's Rebellion was the rise and fall of Gung Ye, who founded the state of Later Goguryeo in 901 during Korea's Later Three Kingdoms period and was overthrown in 918.

Guria Republic

The Guria Republic was a peasant self-governing entity proclaimed in Guria, Georgia, in 1905, with its own courts and administration, described as the world's first quasi-Marxist state.

Gyeon Hwon's Revolt

Gyeon Hwon's Revolt (견훤의 난) was a late 9th-century uprising against Silla led by general Gyeon Hwon, who founded Later Baekje and opened the Later Three Kingdoms period.

György Dózsa

György Dózsa (Dózsa György, c. 1470–1514) was a Székely minor noble appointed to lead Hungary's 1514 anti-Ottoman crusade, which became the largest Hungarian peasant revolt, crushed by Zápolya at Temesvár.

Hafid Revolution

The Hafid Revolution (ثورة الحفيظ), known as the Hafidiya, was the 1907–1908 Moroccan movement that deposed Sultan Abd al-Aziz and installed his brother Abd al-Hafid on a platform of resisting France.

Haidamaka

A haidamaka (Ukrainian: гайдамак) was a mostly peasant insurgent who took part in armed uprisings against Polish noble rule in Right-Bank Ukraine during the 18th century, culminating in the 1768 Koliivshchyna uprising.

Hajduk uprising

The Hajduk uprising (hajdúfelkelés) was the revolt of the hajdúk, Hungarian mercenaries and cattle-guard fighters, which began in October 1604 and became the core of István Bocskai's anti-Habsburg uprising.

Haqqani network

The Haqqani network (HQN) is a semi-autonomous Taliban insurgent group founded by Jalaluddin Haqqani, led by Sirajuddin Haqqani, based in North Waziristan, designated an FTO in 2012, now holding Afghanistan's interior ministry.

Hayato rebellion

The Ōsumi Hayato Rebellion (隼人の反乱), also called the Ōsumi Rebellion, was a 720–721 rising by the Hayato people of Ōsumi Province in southern Kyushu against the Yamato court.