27 articles
2025 Nyala Boeing 737 incident
The 2025 Nyala Boeing 737 incident, also called the IBM Airlines 5Y-CKD case, was the ground destruction of a Kenyan-operated cargo Boeing 737-200 at Nyala Airport, Sudan, on 3 May 2025, killing 54 of 111 aboard amid RSF arms-smuggling suspicions.
Algerian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية الجزائرية)
Algerian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية الجزائرية), the Black Decade: 1992–2002 conflict after the army cancelled the FIS's 1991 election win, pitting the state against GIA and GSPC insurgents, with 100,000–200,000 dead and a contested qui tue qui legacy under the 2005 amnesty charter.
Angolan Civil War
Angolan Civil War (1975-2002), also called the Angolan conflict: MPLA government versus UNITA and FNLA after independence, a Cold War proxy war with Cuban, Soviet, South African, and U.S. intervention, ending with Savimbi's death and the 2002 Luena Memorandum.
Battle of Cuito Cuanavale
Battle of Cuito Cuanavale (1987–1988), also called the siege of Cuito Cuanavale: major Angolan Border War battle where FAPLA, Cuba, and Soviet advisers defended against UNITA and the SADF, ending in a contested stalemate, SADF withdrawal, and Namibian independence.
Biafra
Biafra, also the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state declared from Nigeria's Eastern Region by Ojukwu on 30 May 1967; its 1967–1970 war with Nigeria, blockade, and famine killed up to two million people before its January 1970 surrender.
Blockade of Biafra
Blockade of Biafra: Nigeria's Federal Military Government encirclement of the secessionist Eastern Region from 31 May 1967 to January 1970, combining naval, land, currency, and supply restrictions that caused famine, killed up to two million, and prompted the Biafran airlift.
Bonny Civil War
The Bonny Civil War was an 1869 conflict between rival canoe houses that split Bonny, a trading state in the Niger Delta of present-day Nigeria, into two, creating Opobo.
Congo Crisis
The Congo Crisis (1960–1965), also known as the Congo Crisis and Katanga secession period, was post-independence political collapse in the former Belgian Congo after 30 June 1960: army mutiny, Katanga's secession, the ONUC peacekeeping operation, Lumumba's assassination, and Mobutu's 1965 coup.
Dwaben War
The Dwaben War, also called the Kumase-Dwaben civil war, was an 1875 conflict in which Kumasi defeated the seceding Asante province of Juaben, whose refugees founded New Juaben.
Ethiopian Civil War
Ethiopian Civil War: the 1974-1991 war between the Derg junta and EPLF/TPLF insurgents that ended in 1991, and related internal conflicts including the 2020-2022 Tigray war (about 500,000-600,000 deaths) and renewed 2026 fighting.
First Congo War
The First Congo War, also called Africa's First World War, was a seven-month conflict from 1996 to 1997 in which Laurent-Désiré Kabila's AFDL, backed by Rwanda and others, overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko.
First Liberian Civil War
First Liberian Civil War (1989-1997), also called the Liberian Civil War: Charles Taylor's NPFL uprising against Samuel Doe, ECOMOG intervention, factional fighting, 200,000+ deaths, ending with Taylor's 1997 election.
Hafid Revolution
The Hafid Revolution (ثورة الحفيظ), known as the Hafidiya, was the 1907–1908 Moroccan movement that deposed Sultan Abd al-Aziz and installed his brother Abd al-Hafid on a platform of resisting France.
Kivu conflict
Kivu conflict: armed conflict in eastern DRC's North and South Kivu provinces since the mid-1990s, rooted in the 1994 Rwandan genocide, spanning the two Congo Wars and the Rwanda-backed M23 rebellion, with roughly six million deaths and millions displaced.
Libyan civil war (2014–2020)
Libyan civil war (2014–2020), also called the Second Libyan Civil War: conflict between Haftar's eastern LNA and the UN-recognized Tripoli government, from Operation Dignity in May 2014 through the October 2020 ceasefire and 5+5 Joint Military Commission.
Lost Boys of Sudan
The Lost Boys of Sudan are southern Sudanese children, mostly boys, orphaned or separated by the 1987-2005 civil war, who trekked to Ethiopia and Kenya's Kakuma camp and about 3,600 of whom resettled in the United States from 2000.
Mozambican Civil War
Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992, also dated from 1979): FRELIMO government versus RENAMO insurgents backed by Rhodesia and South Africa; over one million dead, millions displaced; ended by the Rome General Peace Accords of 4 October 1992, distinct from the later Cabo Delgado insurgency.
Nigerian Civil War
Nigerian Civil War, or Biafran War (6 July 1967 – January 1970): conflict between Nigeria's federal government and the secessionist Republic of Biafra, ended by a starvation blockade and famine that killed up to two million and reshaped global humanitarianism.
Second Liberian Civil War
The Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003) pitted Charles Taylor's government against the Guinea-backed LURD and Côte d'Ivoire-based MODEL rebels, ending with the August 2003 Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement, Taylor's exile to Nigeria, and UNMIL peacekeepers.
Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) pitted the Government of Sudan against John Garang's SPLM/A, ending with the January 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, power- and oil-wealth sharing, the 2011 South Sudan referendum, and independence in July 2011.
Sierra Leone Civil War
The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991-2002) pitted the government against the RUF rebels backed by Charles Taylor's Liberia, killed about 50,000 people, displaced over 2 million, and ended with the Lomé Accord, a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the Special Court that convicted Taylor.
Soninke-Marabout Wars
The Soninke-Marabout Wars were 19th-century civil wars across southern Senegambia, fought between traditional animist rulers and Muslim marabout reformers, lasting from the early 1850s to 1901.
South Sudanese Civil War
South Sudanese Civil War (2013–2018): conflict between Salva Kiir's government and Riek Machar's SPLM-IO that killed an estimated 400,000; ended by the 2018 R-ARCSS, which collapsed after Machar's 2025 arrest.
Toyota War
Toyota War (Guerre des Toyota), 1987 final phase of the Chadian-Libyan conflict: Chadian FANT forces in about 400 MILAN-armed Toyota pickups routed Gaddafi's army at Fada, Ouadi Doum, and Maaten al-Sarra; ceasefire 11 September 1987; Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad by the ICJ in 1994.
Tripolitanian civil war (1711)
The Tripolitanian civil war (Karamanli coup) of 1711 was the armed struggle for Tripolitania that ended when Ahmed Karamanli seized Tripoli and founded a dynasty lasting until 1835.
War in Darfur (حرب دارفور)
War in Darfur (حرب دارفور): armed conflict in western Sudan begun February 2003 by the SLM/A and JEM rebels; government and Janjaweed, now the RSF, waged scorched-earth campaigns; ICC referral 2005; continues in the 2023 civil war.
Zulu Civil War
The Zulu Civil War of 1883–1884 was an armed conflict in Zululand between Cetshwayo's uSuthu and Zibhebhu's Mandlakazi, whose resolution led to Boer annexation of much of Zululand.