185 articles
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
Modern conflicts in the Middle East: the Arab-Israeli wars from 1948, the Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, 2003 Iraq invasion, Syrian and Yemeni civil wars, and the Gaza war and 2026 Iran war, with casualty and displacement figures.
List of ships attacked during the 2026 Iran war
List of commercial vessels attacked in the 2026 Iran war, also called the US-Israel-Iran war and Strait of Hormuz crisis: from SKYLIGHT and MKD Vyom in March 2026 through Ever Lovely, Kiku, and the October sinkings, with casualty and incident counts.
List of wars involving Israel
List of wars involving Israel: the nine officially recognized Israeli wars from the 1948 War of Independence through the 2023 Swords of Iron war, plus major operations in Lebanon, Gaza, Syria, and Iran.
March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen
Operation Rough Rider: the March 15 to May 6, 2025 U.S. air and naval campaign against Yemen's Houthis, ordered by Trump, ending in an Oman-brokered ceasefire; over 800 to 1,000 targets struck.
May 2025 Gaza offensive
Operation Gideon's Chariots, the May 2025 Israeli ground and air offensive in the Gaza Strip, launched May 16-17, 2025 after cabinet approval, aiming to defeat Hamas, free hostages, and hold territory; it ran to August 4, 2025.
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present), also called the post-October 7 regional war: the conflict chain begun by Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack on Israel, spreading from Gaza to Hezbollah, the Houthis, Syria, and direct Israel–Iran war, with ceasefires in 2025.
Mission Accomplished speech
Bush's May 1, 2003 address aboard USS Abraham Lincoln declaring major combat in Iraq ended, named for a 'Mission Accomplished' banner he never spoke; became shorthand for premature victory as the Iraq insurgency followed.
Multi-National Force – Iraq
Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF-I) was the US-led coalition command in Iraq from May 2004 to end-2008, authorized by UN Resolution 1546, replacing CJTF-7 and overseeing MNC-I and MNSTC-I before its mandate expired under Resolution 1790.
Nafusa Mountains campaign
The Nafusa Mountains campaign (February to August 2011) was the western front of Libya's uprising, where Amazigh rebel towns broke a siege and helped take Tripoli.
Nakba (النكبة)
The Nakba (النكبة), Arabic for "catastrophe," is the displacement and dispossession of at least 750,000 Palestinians during the 1947–1949 Palestine war, with about 530 villages destroyed.
National Transitional Council (المجلس الوطني الانتقالي)
National Transitional Council (المجلس الوطني الانتقالي), Libya's interim governing body formed in Benghazi in February 2011 during the anti-Gaddafi uprising; chaired by Mustafa Abdul Jalil, it issued the 2011 Constitutional Declaration, won broad international recognition, and dissolved itself after the July 2012 elections handed power to the General National Congress.
Omer Shem Tov (עומר שם טוב)
Omer Shem Tov (עומר שם טוב), an Israeli from Herzliya, was taken hostage by Hamas at the Nova music festival on October 7, 2023, held alone underground in Gaza tunnels for 505 days, and released on February 22, 2025; he now campaigns for remaining hostages.
Operation Badr (عملية بدر) (1973)
Operation Badr (عملية بدر), Egypt's 6 October 1973 Suez Canal crossing opening the Yom Kippur/October War: five divisions, 4,000 first-wave troops, Bar Lev Line overrun, five bridgeheads, leading to the 24 October ceasefire and Camp David.
Operation Defensive Shield
Operation Defensive Shield (Hebrew: מבצע חומת מגן, Mivtsa Homat Magen) was the IDF's large-scale 2002 West Bank offensive during the Second Intifada, launched after the Netanya Park Hotel bombing, targeting six cities including Jenin and Ramallah.
Operation Inherent Resolve
Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), CJTF-OIR, is the U.S.-led military operation against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, launched August 8, 2014 and named October 15, 2014. It defeated the ISIS caliphate territorially by 2019, shifted to advise-and-enable, and ended its Iraq phase September 30, 2026.
Operation Prosperity Guardian
Operation Prosperity Guardian (OPG), US-led multinational naval coalition announced 18 December 2023 under Combined Maritime Forces Task Force 153 to protect Red Sea shipping from Houthi attacks; over 20 nations, defensive mandate, objectives only partially achieved.
Origins of the Six-Day War
Origins of the Six-Day War: how the 1948 armistice lines, the Jordan River water dispute, Syrian border clashes, and the May 1967 crisis, including the UNEF withdrawal and Straits of Tiran blockade, led to the June 5-10, 1967 war.
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict: armed clashes between PA security forces and local militias such as the Jenin Battalion and Lions' Den, peaking in the December 2024 PA siege of Jenin camp, with 14 killed and a January 2025 weapons-surrender deal disrupted by Israel's Iron Wall operation.
Palestinian refugees
Palestinian refugees: people resident in Palestine 1946-1948 who lost home and livelihood in the 1948 war, plus registered descendants. UNRWA serves 5.9 million across five fields; funding crisis and disputed status define the subject.
Peace efforts during the Iran–Iraq War
Peace efforts during the Iran–Iraq War: UN mediation from Resolution 479 (1980) through Resolution 598 (1987), failed OIC and Non-Aligned missions, the 20 August 1988 ceasefire, and the UNIIMOG observer mission.
Prelude to the 2026 Iran war
Prelude to the 2026 Iran war: the October 2023 to February 2026 escalation, including the June 2025 Twelve-Day War, nuclear diplomacy collapse, US buildup, and the 28 February 2026 Operation Epic Fury strikes that killed Ayatollah Khamenei.
Rationale for the 2026 Iran war
Rationale for the 2026 Iran war: the US and Israeli justifications for Operation Epic Fury, launched February 28, 2026, targeting Iran's missiles, navy, proxies, and nuclear program, and the intelligence, legal, and diplomatic disputes over those aims.
Rationale for the Iraq War
Rationale for the Iraq War: the US and UK justifications for the March 2003 invasion, chiefly Iraqi WMD, terrorism links, and democratization; later inquiries found the intelligence flawed and no stockpiles existed.
Reactions to the 2026 Iran war
Reactions to the 2026 Iran war, the US-Israel war on Iran that killed Ali Khamenei: European refusal to join, Russian and Chinese UN vetoes, Gulf condemnations, Pakistani mediation, and US midterm backlash.
Regime change efforts in the 2026 Iran war
Regime change efforts in the 2026 Iran war are US and Israeli measures since 28 February 2026 to topple Iran's government, which has instead consolidated power.
Russia in the 2026 Iran war
Russia in the 2026 Iran war: Moscow's non-belligerent support for Iran after US-Israeli strikes began 28 February 2026, including satellite targeting data, drone technology, arms commitments, energy windfalls, and mediation offers, while avoiding direct intervention.
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Sabra and Shatila massacre (صبرا وشاتيلا): killing of 800 to over 3,000 Palestinian and Lebanese civilians in Beirut refugee camps, 16–18 September 1982, by the Phalange-linked Lebanese Forces militia under Israeli army control.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (also al-Qadhafi), second son of Muammar Gaddafi and one-time heir apparent, ICC-indicted 2011, death sentence in absentia 2015, freed 2017, 2021 presidential candidate, shot dead in Zintan 3 February 2026.
Salafi jihadist insurgency in the Gaza Strip
Salafi jihadist insurgency in the Gaza Strip: armed Sunni factions such as Jaysh al-Islam, Jaysh al-Umma, and Jund Ansar Allah that emerged around 2005, reject Hamas rule, seek sharia, and later aligned with the Islamic State.
Second Intifada (الانتفاضة الثانية)
The Second Intifada, also called the al-Aqsa Intifada, was a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that began in September 2000 after Ariel Sharon's Temple Mount visit and ended in 2005.