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Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental
The Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental was Portugal's military occupation of present-day Uruguay, carried out in 1811 and 1816 and annexed as the Cisplatina province in 1821.
Portuguese conquest of the Ovimbundu kingdoms
The Portuguese conquest of the Ovimbundu kingdoms was the 1890 to 1904 subjugation of twelve African kingdoms in Angola's central highlands, ending Bailundu and Bihe's independence.
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental
The Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental was an 1816 military occupation of present-day Uruguay led by General Carlos Frederico Lecor, resulting in annexation in 1821.
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (Potsdamer Konferenz) brought Truman, Stalin, and Churchill together at Cecilienhof palace from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to shape postwar Europe.
Potsdam Declaration
The Potsdam Declaration (ポツダム宣言), also the Potsdam Proclamation, was a 13-article ultimatum issued July 26, 1945 by Truman, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek demanding Japan's unconditional surrender of armed forces, limiting sovereignty to the home islands, and incorporating the Cairo Declaration.
Pottawatomie massacre
Pottawatomie massacre: night of May 24–25, 1856, killing of five proslavery settlers near Pottawatomie Creek, Franklin County, Kansas Territory, by John Brown, four sons, a son-in-law, and two others with broadswords, in retaliation for the Sack of Lawrence during Bleeding Kansas.
Powder River Expedition
The Powder River Expedition of 1865 was a US Army offensive under General Patrick Connor against the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho in Wyoming and Montana.
Prague uprising
Pražské povstání, the Prague Uprising of 5–9 May 1945, was the last major WWII uprising in Europe: Czech police, civilians, and Vlasov's ROA fought German forces, negotiated a surrender, and the Red Army entered Prague on 9 May.
Praieira revolt
The Praieira revolt (Revolução Praieira, also called Insurreição Praieira) was an armed liberal and republican uprising in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 1848 to 1850, the last great liberal provincial revolt of the Brazilian imperial period.
Pratapgad (प्रतापगड)
Pratapgad (प्रतापगड) is a mountain fort in Satara district, Maharashtra, built in 1656 under Moropant Pingle for Shivaji Maharaj, defending the Nira, Koyna, and Par pass. Site of the November 10, 1659 killing of Afzal Khan and the 1661 Bhavani temple.
Prelude to the 2026 Iran war
Prelude to the 2026 Iran war: the October 2023 to February 2026 escalation, including the June 2025 Twelve-Day War, nuclear diplomacy collapse, US buildup, and the 28 February 2026 Operation Epic Fury strikes that killed Ayatollah Khamenei.
Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine: the 2014–2022 run-up to the 24 February 2022 full-scale attack, covering Crimea, the Donbas war, the 2021 buildup, December 2021 ultimata, and Western intelligence prebuttal.
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (1861–1865), first Republican US president, covering the Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, habeas corpus suspension, 1864 reelection, Reconstruction plans, and assassination.
Prince Yasuhiko Asaka (朝香宮鳩彦王)
Prince Yasuhiko Asaka (朝香宮鳩彦王, 1887–1981), son-in-law of Emperor Meiji and founder of the Asaka-no-miya house, was an Imperial Japanese Army general who commanded the Shanghai Expeditionary Army during the Nanjing Massacre of December 1937; he was interrogated but never prosecuted.
Prisoner-of-war camp
Prisoner-of-war camp: a facility for holding enemy armed forces members captured in international armed conflict, governed by the Third Geneva Convention (1949). About 8 million POWs in WWI and 35 million in WWII; ICRC-monitored, preventive detention ending in repatriation.
Prizren incident
The Prizren incident was a 13 June 1999 shooting confrontation in Prizren, Kosovo, involving German KFOR soldiers during the first days of KFOR deployment and the withdrawal of Yugoslav forces.
Project Burgund
Project Burgund (Projekt Burgund): a 1940 Heinrich Himmler SS plan to create an autonomous SS state in eastern France's Franche-Comté, resettle South Tyrolean Germans there, rename towns Bozen and Brixen, and make it an SS model state; abandoned by end of 1940.
Project Riese
Project Riese (Projekt Riese) was Nazi Germany's largest mining and construction project, 1943–1945, in the Owl Mountains and Książ Castle, Lower Silesia; built by Gross-Rosen prisoners, left unfinished, purpose still unknown.
Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela
Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela: a plan debated from 2017 to 2025 to depose Nicolás Maduro by force, involving Caribbean naval buildup, War Powers and UN Charter disputes, and the January 3, 2026 capture operation.
Proskuriv pogrom
The Proskuriv pogrom was a mass killing of over a thousand Jews in Proskuriv (today Khmelnytskyi), Ukraine, by Ukrainian People's Republic soldiers on February 15, 1919.
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Protektorát Čechy a Morava; Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren): Nazi German occupation regime over the Czech lands, 1939–1945, nominally autonomous but annexed to the Reich, ruled via Reich Protectors and Karl Hermann Frank, ending with the Prague Uprising and Germany's 1945 surrender.
Protests against the 2026 Iran war
Protests against the 2026 Iran war: worldwide demonstrations after the 28 February 2026 US-Israeli strikes on Iran, following the suppressed January 2026 Iranian uprising; about 3,200 anti-war protests in the first month, muted compared with Gaza and Ukraine, amid low US and global war approval.
Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign
Provisional IRA campaign (1969–2005): armed struggle of the Provisional IRA, formed in the December 1969 IRA split, against British rule in Northern Ireland; 1,696 deaths attributed, 1994 and 1997 ceasefires, Good Friday Agreement, decommissioning by 2005.
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG; Chính phủ cách mạng lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam), communist-aligned rival government formed June 1969 from the NLF, signed the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, governed the Republic of South Vietnam 1975–1976.
PRRI/Permesta rebellion
The PRRI/Permesta rebellion was an insurgent movement of 1957–1961 in West Sumatra and North Sulawesi, demanding regional autonomy and fairer revenue from Sukarno's Java-centered government.
Prussian Crusade
The Prussian Crusade was a series of papally sanctioned wars fought mainly by the Teutonic Order from 1230 to 1283 to conquer and convert the pagan Prussian tribes.
Psyduck music festival massacre
Psyduck music festival massacre: killing of attendees of Psyduck, an unofficial ~100-person trance rave between Kibbutzim Nir Oz and Nirim near Gaza, during the 7 October 2023 Hamas attack; 16 or 17 killed fleeing on roads, none at the site.
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s were armed Nationalist Party uprisings against US rule, culminating in a 1954 shooting attack on Congress.
Puget Sound War
The Puget Sound War, also called the Puget Sound Indian War or Puget Sound Treaty War, was an 1855–1856 conflict between tribes of southern Puget Sound and U.S. Army and territorial militia forces.
Puputan Klungkung
Puputan Klungkung was the final armed stand of the Klungkung kingdom against Dutch colonial forces at Semarapura, Bali, on 28 April 1908, completing the Dutch conquest of Bali.