5,963 articles
Sand War
The Sand War (Arabic: حرب الرمال; French: Guerre des Sables) was a short 1963 armed conflict between Morocco and newly independent Algeria over the Tindouf and Béchar border regions.
Sandakan Death Marches
The Sandakan Death Marches were 1945 forced marches of Australian and British POWs about 260 km from Sandakan to Ranau, North Borneo, in which nearly all died.
Sandino's rebellion
Sandino's rebellion (1927–1934) was an insurgency led by Augusto César Sandino against the US occupation of Nicaragua, waged from the northern highlands until his 1934 assassination.
Sandline affair
The Sandline affair: Papua New Guinea's 1997 secret US$36 million contract with private military company Sandline International to crush the Bougainville Revolutionary Army, undone by PNGDF commander Jerry Singirok's mutiny; also names the 1998 Sierra Leone arms-embargo affair.
Santhal rebellion
Santhal rebellion (Santhal Hul, 1855–1856): tribal uprising in the Rajmahal hills led by Sido and Kanhu Murmu against British rule, zamindars, and moneylenders; crushed with mass killings; preceded the 1857 revolt.
Sapun Gora Memorial Complex
Мемориальный комплекс Сапун Гора (Sapun Gora Memorial Complex) in Sevastopol commemorates the 7 May 1944 assault; includes the 1959 diorama by Maltsev, obelisk, Eternal Flame, and park.
Sarajevo Safari
Sarajevo safari, also 'sniper safari' or 'human safari': alleged 1992–1996 practice of wealthy foreigners, mainly Italians, paying Bosnian Serb forces to shoot at besieged Sarajevo's residents; unproven, under investigation since 2022.
Sarawak Communist Organisation
The Sarawak Communist Organisation, known in government documents as the Clandestine Communist Organisation, fought a 27-year guerrilla campaign against the Malaysian state from 1963 to 1990.
Satsuma Rebellion
The Satsuma Rebellion, known in Japanese as Seinan Sensō, was the last major samurai uprising against Japan's Meiji government. Led by Saigō Takamori, it lasted seven months in 1877 before defeat at Shiroyama.
Saur Revolution (انقلاب ثور)
Saur Revolution (انقلاب ثور), the 27 April 1978 military coup in Kabul in which the PDPA's Khalq and Parcham factions, through sympathetic army units, overthrew Daoud Khan, triggering reforms, uprisings, insurgency, and the 1979 Soviet invasion.
Saw Lu rebellion
The Saw Lu rebellion was Yamankan's revolt against Saw Lu, king of the Pagan Empire, who reigned from 1077 and was executed in captivity around 1084.
Say Nothing (book)
Say Nothing: A True Story of Murder and Memory in Northern Ireland (2018/2019, Doubleday) by Patrick Radden Keefe, narrative nonfiction on the Troubles centered on the 1972 IRA murder of Jean McConville, Dolours Price, and the Boston College oral history; won an NBCC Award.
Scalawag
Scalawag was a pejorative term for white Southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction governments after the Civil War; with freedmen and carpetbaggers, they controlled Southern states until 1877.
Scaliger War
The Scaliger War (1336–1339), also called the Veneto-Scaligera War, pitted Mastino II and Alberto II della Scala of Verona against a Venice-Florence-led coalition; the January 1339 peace stripped Verona of its conquests, leaving only Verona and Vicenza.
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa: the 1880–1914 European partition of the continent, Berlin Conference of 1884–85, effective occupation rule, and the colonial empires of Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain.
Screams Without Words
"Screams Without Words" is a December 28, 2023 New York Times investigation by Gettleman, Schwartz, and Sella alleging systematic Hamas sexual violence on October 7; it drew major disputes over sourcing, UN findings, and calls for independent review.
Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow
The scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow (der Große Scuttle): on 21 June 1919 Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter ordered the interned High Seas Fleet sunk; 52 of 74 ships went down, the largest single loss of warships in history.
Scythian campaign of Darius I
The Scythian campaign of Darius I was a Persian expedition around 513 BCE, in which Darius crossed the Danube against the Scythians and withdrew after they refused battle.
SDF–Syrian transitional government clashes (2025–2026)
Armed clashes (December 2025–February 2026) between the Kurdish-led SDF and Syria's transitional government after the March 2025 integration agreement stalled; government forces overran most SDF territory, leading to January 2026 ceasefire deals and the SDF's August 2026 dissolution.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), also called Second Afghan War: British Empire versus Emirate of Afghanistan during the Great Game. Triggered by a Russian mission to Kabul; ended with Treaty of Gandamak, Maiwand, Roberts' Kandahar victory, and Abdur Rahman as amir.
Second Anglo-Maratha War
Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), also dated 1802–1805 from the Treaty of Bassein: East India Company victory over Scindia, Bhonsle, and Holkar; battles of Assaye, Laswari, Argaum, Delhi; Treaty of Surji Arjungaon.
Second Anglo-Mysore War
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784), conflict between the East India Company and Mysore under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, allied with France; marked by Pollilur and the Treaty of Mangalore.
Second Anglo-Sikh War
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49), also called the Second Sikh War: conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company, sparked by the Multan rebellion, marked by Chillianwala, decided at Gujrat, and ending with the annexation of the Punjab on 29 March 1849.
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War (Interallied War), 29 June–10 August 1913: Bulgaria attacked former allies Serbia and Greece over Macedonia, was defeated by them plus Romania, Montenegro, and the Ottomans, and lost territory by the Treaty of Bucharest.
Second Barbary War
The Second Barbary War, also called the Algerine War or U.S.–Algerian War, was an 1815–1816 naval conflict between the United States and Algiers, won by Commodore Stephen Decatur.
Second Battle of Adobe Walls
The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, when about 700 Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors attacked a buffalo hunters' camp in the Texas Panhandle.
Second Battle of Bull Run
Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas), August 28–30, 1862: Lee, Jackson, and Longstreet defeated Pope's Army of Virginia in northern Virginia, enabling Lee's Maryland invasion and Antietam.
Second Battle of Donetsk Airport
Second Battle of Donetsk Airport (September 28, 2014 to January 21, 2015): Ukrainian "cyborgs" defended the ruined Donetsk airport against DPR and Russian forces until the new terminal was blown up; 101–109 Ukrainians killed.
Second Battle of El Alamein (معركة العلمين الثانية)
Second Battle of El Alamein (معركة العلمين الثانية), 23 October to 4 November 1942: Montgomery's Eighth Army defeated Rommel's Axis army in Egypt, breaking through minefields via Operations Lightfoot and Supercharge and ending the Axis threat to Egypt.
Second Battle of Fallujah
Second Battle of Fallujah, also Operation Phantom Fury or Operation al-Fajr, was the November 7 to December 23, 2004 US-led assault retaking Fallujah from insurgents: 13,500 US/British and 2,000 Iraqi troops against about 3,000 fighters; heaviest US urban combat since Hue, 1968.