5,963 articles
Soviet war crimes
Soviet war crimes: violations of the laws of war by the USSR's Red Army and NKVD, 1939-1945, including the Katyn massacre of 21,857 Polish prisoners, violence against German civilians in 1944-1945, and NKVD mass operations.
Soviet war crimes in the Soviet–Afghan War
Soviet war crimes in the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989): Red Army and allied Afghan forces' intentional attacks on civilians, village destruction, torture, prisoner killings, and mass displacement documented by HRW, Amnesty, and the UN.
Soviet withdrawal from Mongolia
The Soviet withdrawal from Mongolia was the staged removal of a Soviet garrison of about 100,000 troops, announced by Gorbachev in 1986 and completed in December 1992.
Soviet–Afghan War
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989): ten-year conflict in which the Soviet 40th Army sustained Afghanistan's communist government against US-backed mujahideen; over 14,000 Soviet and up to 1.2 million Afghan deaths, ending in the February 1989 withdrawal.
Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
Undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts (日ソ国境戦争), 1932–1939: USSR and Mongolia versus Japan and Manchukuo, featuring Lake Khasan 1938 and Khalkhin Gol 1939, ending in Japan's defeat and the 1941 Neutrality Pact.
Soviet–Japanese War (Советско-японская война)
Soviet–Japanese War (Советско-японская война), or August Storm: the USSR's August 9, 1945 invasion of Manchuria, Korea, Sakhalin, and the Kurils, destroying the Kwantung Army and leading to Japan's August 15 surrender.
Sovietization of the Caucasus
The Sovietization of the Caucasus was the Red Army's conquest of the independent republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia in 1920 and 1921, followed by their absorption into the Soviet Union by 1922.
Soweto uprising
Soweto uprising, 16 June 1976 Soweto student revolt, also called the June 16 uprising: black secondary students marched against compulsory Afrikaans-medium schooling under Bantu Education; police opened fire, over 200 died that day, and the countrywide unrest became a turning point, commemorated as South Africa's Youth Day.
Spain during World War II
Francoist Spain in World War II: neutral in 1939, non-belligerent in 1940, neutral again in October 1943; pro-Axis sympathies, Blue Division volunteers, wolfram exports to Germany, Allied economic pressure, and postwar UN exclusion.
Spanish American wars of independence
The Spanish American wars of independence (1809–1825, rooted in the 1808 Napoleonic invasion of Spain) were the campaigns by which Spain's American territories became more than a dozen republics, led by Bolívar and San Martín, ending at Ayacucho while Cuba and Puerto Rico remained Spanish.
Spanish capture of Béjaïa
The Spanish capture of Béjaïa was Spain's 1510 seizure of the port of Béjaïa (Bougie, Bugía) in northeastern Algeria, held until Ottoman liberation in the mid-1550s.
Spanish capture of Tripoli (1510)
The Spanish capture of Tripoli (1510) was the seizure of the city from the Hafsid dynasty by Pedro Navarro for the Crown of Aragon in July 1510.
Spanish conquest of El Salvador
The Spanish conquest of El Salvador was the 16th-century campaign in which Spain subdued the Pipil kingdoms of Cuscatlán and Izalcos, beginning with Pedro de Alvarado's 1524 invasion.
Spanish conquest of Oran
The Spanish conquest of Oran was Spain's capture of the Algerian port city of Oran in May 1509, led by Cardinal Cisneros and Count Pedro Navarro.
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521): Hernán Cortés's campaign, with Tlaxcalan and other indigenous allies, that took Tenochtitlan on 13 August 1521, captured Cuauhtémoc, and ended Mexica Triple Alliance rule.
Spanish conquest of the Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca (1537–1550) was the campaign by which expeditions from Santa Marta, Venezuela, and Peru took the Muisca territories of eastern Colombia, led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
Spanish conquest of the Zapotec
The Spanish conquest of the Zapotec was the incorporation of the Zapotec polities of Oaxaca, Mexico, into the Spanish colonial system from 1521 through the late sixteenth century.
Spanish conquest of Yucatán
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was Spain's campaign subduing the Maya states of the Yucatán Peninsula, fought in three phases from 1527 to 1546 or 1547 under Francisco de Montejo.
Spanish flu research
Spanish flu research is the epidemiological, historical, and virological study of the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, an H1N1 virus that killed an estimated 20 to 100 million people worldwide.
Spanish galleon San José
Spanish treasure galleon San José, flagship of the Tierra Firme fleet, built 1697–1698 in the Basque Country; sank 8 June 1708 in the Battle of Barú near Cartagena, found in 2015 at 600 m depth, first artifacts recovered 2025.
Spanish reconquest of Oran (1732)
The Spanish reconquest of Oran was a 1732 campaign by which Philip V of Spain took Oran and Mers el Kébir from the Regency of Algiers.
Spanish-Portuguese War (1735–1737)
The Spanish-Portuguese War (1735–1737) was a limited colonial conflict between Spain and Portugal over Colonia do Sacramento on the Río de la Plata, ending without a decision.
Spanish–American War in the Philippines
The Spanish–American War in the Philippines was the Pacific theater of the 1898 war, where Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay on 1 May.
Spanish–Cambodian War (1596–1599)
The Spanish–Cambodian War (1596–1599) was a series of Spanish interventions from the Philippines, with Portuguese allies, seeking to restore a friendly Cambodian king and Christianize the country.
Spanish–Moro conflict
Spanish–Moro conflict: intermittent wars from 1578 to 1898 between Spanish colonial forces and the Muslim sultanates of Mindanao and Sulu; the Moros were never fully conquered or Christianized before Spain ceded the Philippines in 1898.
Spanish–Ottoman Wars
The Spanish–Ottoman Wars were the Habsburg-Spanish and Ottoman empires' struggle for Mediterranean hegemony from the 1530s to 1574, fought with galleys and corsairs, climaxing at Lepanto (1571) and ending with the 1578 truce.
Spanish–Sulu War
The Spanish–Sulu War, the sixth and final stage of the Spanish–Moro conflict, was fought between Spain and the Sultanate of Sulu from the 1851 invasion of Sulu until Spanish rule ended in 1899.
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
Special Tribunal for Lebanon (المحكمة الخاصة بلبنان), UN tribunal under resolution 1757 (2007) trying the 2005 Rafik Hariri assassination; sat near The Hague, used trials in absentia, convicted three Hezbollah members, closed 31 December 2023.
Spillover of the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
The spillover of the Myanmar civil war is the spread of the conflict's effects across Myanmar's borders since the 2021 military coup, chiefly refugees into Bangladesh.
Spillover of the Soviet–Afghan War in Pakistan
Spillover of the Soviet–Afghan War in Pakistan: 1979–1992 refugee influx (up to 4.5 million Afghans fled, 336 refugee villages), ISI arms channeling, Kalashnikov culture, narcotics economy, and costs to Pakistan.