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Wars, campaigns, and incidents

5,963 articles

1998 Zimbabwe food riots

The 1998 Zimbabwe food riots were a wave of urban unrest in January 1998, sparked by maize meal price rises and suppressed with lethal force, leaving at least eight dead.

1999 East Timorese crisis

The 1999 East Timorese crisis was the wave of killings, arson, and forced deportations by pro-Indonesian militias after East Timorese voters chose independence in a UN-supervised referendum.

1999 Ivorian coup d'état

The 1999 Ivorian coup d'état was the bloodless military overthrow of President Henri Konan Bédié on 24 December 1999, led by retired General Robert Guéï.

1999 London nail bombings

The 1999 London nail bombings were three attacks by neo-Nazi David Copeland in April 1999, targeting Black, Asian, and LGBTQ+ communities and killing three people.

1999 Russian apartment bombings

September 1999 bombings of apartment buildings in Buynaksk, Moscow, and Volgodonsk that killed about 300 people, triggered the second Chechen war, and remain disputed over the Ryazan incident and FSB false-flag claims.

19th of April Movement

The 19th of April Movement (M-19, Movimiento 19 de Abril) was a Colombian urban guerrilla group named for the disputed 19 April 1970 election; known for the 1980 embassy siege, 1985 Palace of Justice siege, and its 1990 demobilization into the AD M-19 party.

1st Army (Austria-Hungary)

1st Army (1. Armee), Austro-Hungarian field army of World War I, documented fighting with the German 9th Army in the September–October 1916 Transylvania offensive that expelled Romanian forces and helped conquer Romania.

20 July plot

The 20 July plot, also called Operation Valkyrie, was the failed 1944 attempt by Stauffenberg and other German resistance figures to assassinate Hitler with a briefcase bomb at the Wolfsschanze and stage a coup; it failed, and about 4,980 people were executed.

2000 Fijian coup d'état

The 2000 Fijian coup d'état was an attempted seizure of power in which George Speight took Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and 30 officials hostage in Suva for 56 days.

2000 Ramallah lynching

The 2000 Ramallah lynching: on October 12, 2000, a Palestinian mob killed IDF reservists Vadim Norzich and Yossi Avrahami at the Ramallah police station early in the Second Intifada, prompting Israeli helicopter retaliation that same day.

2001 anthrax attacks

The 2001 anthrax attacks (Amerithrax): letters containing Ames-strain Bacillus anthracis spores mailed to media offices and Senators Daschle and Leahy, killing five. FBI blamed Bruce Ivins; a 2011 NAS review said science alone could not confirm the source.

2001 Indian Parliament attack

The 2001 Indian Parliament attack was a terrorist assault on the Parliament House complex in New Delhi on 13 December 2001, killing nine people besides the five attackers.

2001 insurgency in Macedonia

The 2001 insurgency in Macedonia was a conflict between ethnic Albanian NLA rebels and Macedonian security forces, ending with the Ohrid Framework Agreement in August 2001.

2001 Mexican Chamber of Deputies bombing attempt

The 2001 Mexican Chamber of Deputies bombing attempt was a detention at the Legislative Palace of San Lázaro in Mexico City on October 10, 2001, in which no explosion occurred.

2001 NATO Article 5 contingency

The 2001 NATO Article 5 contingency: the first and only invocation of NATO's collective defense clause, after 9/11, producing the eight-measure package, Operation Eagle Assist, and Operation Active Endeavour.

2002 Bali bombings

The 2002 Bali bombings, also called the Kuta bombings, were Jemaah Islamiyah attacks on 12 October 2002 that killed 202 people, including 88 Australians, via suicide and van bombs at Paddy's Bar and the Sari Club.

2002 Gujarat riots

The 2002 Gujarat riots, also called the Gujarat violence or pogrom, were inter-communal violence in Gujarat, India, beginning 27 February 2002 after the Godhra Sabarmati Express train fire killed 59; official toll 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus dead, with major massacres at Gulbarg Society, Naroda Patiya, and Best Bakery.

2002 Venezuelan coup attempt

The 2002 Venezuelan coup attempt was a failed effort to remove President Hugo Chávez from power on 11–13 April 2002, which collapsed within about two days.

2003 Angola Boeing 727 disappearance

Unsolved 2003 theft of Boeing 727-223 N844AA from Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda, Angola; Ben Padilla and John Mutantu aboard; aircraft vanished over the Atlantic, never found.

2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq, also called Operation Iraqi Freedom, was the US-led invasion launched March 19-20, 2003, that toppled Saddam Hussein over disputed WMD claims; no stockpiles were found and an insurgency followed.

2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency

The 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency: the Sunni Arab-led armed resistance to the U.S.-led coalition and Iraqi government after Saddam Hussein's fall, driven by Ba'athists, nationalists, and Zarqawi's jihadist Al Qaeda in Iraq, escalating into sectarian civil war after the February 2006 Samarra mosque bombing.

2004 Khobar massacre

The 2004 Khobar massacre (Al-Khobar Oasis compound attack) was an al-Qaeda attack on 29 May 2004 on foreign workers' compounds in Khobar, Saudi Arabia, killing 22 people, taking about 50 hostages, and ending in a 25-hour siege and manhunt.

2004 Madrid train bombings

The 2004 Madrid train bombings, or 11-M, killed 193 people when ten bombs exploded on four commuter trains in Madrid on 11 March 2004.

2004 Russian aircraft bombings

The 2004 Russian aircraft bombings, also called the Russian plane or airline bombings, were coordinated suicide attacks on two flights leaving Domodedovo Airport on August 24, 2004, killing all 90 people aboard.

2005 Bali bombings

The 2005 Bali bombings were three Jemaah Islamiyah suicide bombings at restaurants in Kuta and Jimbaran, Bali, on 1 October 2005, killing about 20 people and wounding more than 100.

2005 Cronulla riots

The 2005 Cronulla riots, also known as the Cronulla Race Riots, were racially motivated riots at Cronulla Beach in Sydney, Australia, on 11 December 2005.

2006 Burundian peace agreement

The 2006 Burundian peace agreement, or Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement, was signed in Dar es Salaam on 7 September 2006 between Burundi's government and the Palipehutu-FNL rebels.

2006 East Timorese crisis

The 2006 East Timorese crisis was a political and security crisis in East Timor from April to September 2006, triggered by army discrimination complaints and culminating in the Prime Minister's resignation.

2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, called the July War in Lebanon and the Second Lebanon War in Israel, was a 33-day conflict between Israel and Hezbollah fought mainly in southern Lebanon.

2006 Mumbai train bombings

2006 Mumbai train bombings (7/11): seven July 11, 2006 blasts in first-class Western Railway local train coaches killed about 189; ATS blamed LeT-SIMI, 2015 convictions were overturned by the Bombay High Court in 2025.