5,963 articles
Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaše
Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaše covers Roman Catholic priests and bishops in the WWII Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1941–1945, including Stepinac's hierarchy, militant "warrior priests," forced conversions of Serbs, and postwar rat lines.
Catholic League (German)
Catholic League (Katholische Liga), defensive alliance of Catholic Holy Roman Empire states founded at Munich 10 July 1609 under Maximilian of Bavaria against the Protestant Union; led by Tilly, victorious at White Mountain and Lutter, defeated at Breitenfeld, dissolved by the Peace of Prague 1635.
Caucasian War (Кавказская война)
The Caucasian War (Кавказская война, 1817–1864) was Russia's conquest of the North Caucasus, resisted by Imam Shamil's Caucasian Imamate and the Circassians; it ended with the 1864 Circassian expulsion and mass exile to the Ottoman Empire.
Caucasus campaign
Caucasus campaign (1914–1917): Russo-Ottoman campaign of WWI in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia, opened by the Black Sea Raid; marked by the Ottoman disaster at Sarikamish, Russian capture of Erzurum and Trebizond, and collapse after the Russian Revolution.
Caucasus Emirate (Имарат Кавказ)
Caucasus Emirate (Imarat Kavkaz), jihadist polity proclaimed by Dokka Umarov in October 2007 replacing Chechen Republic of Ichkeria; six vilayats, Salafist ideology, attacks including Volgograd 2013; declined after 2014-2015 defections to Islamic State.
Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857: accumulated sepoy, princely, landholder, and peasant grievances against East India Company rule, triggered by Enfield cartridge rumors, the 1856 Awadh annexation, and land revenue policies.
Causes of World War I
Causes of World War I: long-term tensions (alliances, imperialism, nationalism, German Weltpolitik), the July Crisis after Franz Ferdinand's assassination, and the century-long war guilt debate from Fischer to Clark.
Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
The Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, or Ibrahimi Mosque massacre: on 25 February 1994 Baruch Goldstein, an American-born Israeli Kach settler, shot 29 Muslim worshippers dead in Hebron before being beaten to death.
Cayuse War
The Cayuse War (1847–1850) was an armed conflict between the Cayuse people and Oregon's settler government, triggered by the killing of missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman in 1847.
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is an agreement between conflict parties to suspend fighting, also called a truce; distinct from a humanitarian pause and armistice, it often includes monitoring, verification, technology, and third-party enforcement, and does not itself end a war.
Ceballos expedition (1762–1763)
The Ceballos expedition (Expedición de Ceballos) was a Spanish campaign of 1762–1763, led by Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, that captured Colonia del Sacramento from Portugal during the Seven Years' War.
Cenepa War
The Cenepa War was a brief military conflict between Ecuador and Peru, fought from January to February 1995 over their undelimited Amazonian border in the Cenepa river basin.
Cenotaph
A cenotaph (German: Kenotaph), from the Greek for 'empty tomb', is a monument to a person buried elsewhere, a practice dating to ancient Greece and Rome.
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was Eric Rudolph's July 27, 1996 pipe bomb attack at the Atlanta Olympics, killing Alice Hawthorne and injuring 111; Richard Jewell was wrongly suspected before Rudolph's 2003 capture and 2005 life sentences.
Central African Republic Civil War
Civil war in the Central African Republic beginning December 2012, when the mainly Muslim Séléka coalition overthrew François Bozizé and the largely Christian anti-balaka formed in response, producing sectarian killings, ethnic cleansing, MINUSCA peacekeeping, and the 2019 Khartoum Accord.
Central Asian revolt of 1916
The Central Asian revolt of 1916 was an uprising against Russian colonial rule in Turkestan and the Steppe, triggered by a decree conscripting indigenous men for wartime labor.
Centrocaspian Dictatorship
The Centrocaspian Dictatorship (Диктатура Центрокаспия; Sentrokaspi Diktaturası) was a short-lived anti-Bolshevik coalition of Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and Dashnaks that ruled Baku from 1 August to mid-September 1918.
Cevallos expedition
The Cevallos expedition refers to two Spanish campaigns against Portuguese positions in the Río de la Plata, led by Pedro de Cevallos in 1762–1763 and 1776–1777.
Chaco War
Chaco War, also Guerra del Chaco: 1932-1935 interstate war between Bolivia and Paraguay over the Chaco Boreal. Deadliest 20th-century Latin American war; Paraguay won, taking about three-quarters of the disputed territory in the 1938 Buenos Aires treaty.
Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)
The Chadian Civil War of 1965 to 1979 was the first phase of Chad's post-independence civil wars, ending with a Transitional Government of National Unity in 1979.
Chadian–Libyan conflict
The Chadian–Libyan conflict was a series of military campaigns fought in Chad from 1978 to 1987, between Libya and allied Chadian factions and Chadian groups supported by France.
Challe Offensive
The Challe Offensive (Plan Challe) was a series of large-scale French military operations in Algeria from 1959 to 1960, led by General Maurice Challe to destroy ALN field units.
Cham–Vietnamese War (1367–1390)
The Cham–Vietnamese War of 1367–1390 was the kingdom of Champa's last great offensive against Đại Việt, in which King Che Bong Nga repeatedly sacked the Vietnamese capital Thăng Long.
Chambelona War
The Chambelona War, also called La Chambelona, was a 1917 Cuban uprising in which the Liberal Party revolted against President Menocal's Conservative government over alleged fraud in the 1916 election.
Champaran Satyagraha
The Champaran Satyagraha was Mahatma Gandhi's 1917 campaign, his first in India, against the tinkathia indigo system in Bihar, ending with the Champaran Agrarian Act of 1918.
Chaouia uprising
The Chaouia uprising was a 1907 revolt by the Chaouia tribes of Morocco against French encroachment near Casablanca, triggering French occupation four years before the French Protectorate.
Charge of the Light Brigade
Charge of the Light Brigade: British light cavalry attack, 25 October 1854, Battle of Balaklava, Crimean War. A misread order from Raglan, delivered by Nolan, sent Cardigan's 673 men against Russian guns; over 260 casualties.
Charles Whitman
Charles Joseph Whitman (1941–1966), ex-Marine and UT Austin student, killed his wife and mother then fired from the UT Tower observation deck on August 1, 1966; 17 died including him, 31 wounded; autopsy found a glioblastoma-like brain tumor of disputed relevance.
Charleston church shooting
Charleston church shooting (Charleston church massacre): Dylann Roof's June 17, 2015 white-supremacist attack at Mother Emanuel AME Church, Charleston, South Carolina, killed nine Black Bible study participants; Roof was convicted of 33 federal counts and sentenced to death.
Charlie Hebdo shooting
The Charlie Hebdo shooting, January 7 2015: Kouachi brothers killed 12 at the French satirical weekly; with Amedy Coulibaly's Montrouge and Hyper Cacher attacks, 17 died, 23 were injured. AQAP-trained attackers acted over cartoons of Mohammed; killed by French forces January 9.