40 articles
Ottavio Piccolomini
Ottavio Piccolomini (1599–1656) was an Italian soldier who served the Habsburgs as a general in the Thirty Years' War and helped bring about Wallenstein's fall.
Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1902-1947), French general known as Leclerc, Free French commander of the 2nd Armored Division; liberated Paris and Strasbourg in 1944, signed Japan's surrender, posthumous Marshal of France 1952.
Philippe Morillon
Philippe Morillon (1935-2026), French five-star general, commanded UNPROFOR in Bosnia 1992-1993 and pledged protection to besieged Srebrenica in March 1993; later a UDF member of the European Parliament 1999-2009.
Philippe Pétain
Philippe Pétain (1856-1951), Marshal of France and hero of Verdun, headed the collaborationist Vichy regime 1940-1944, was condemned for treason in 1945, reprieved, and died imprisoned on the île d'Yeu.
Pierre Dupont de l'Étang
Pierre-Antoine Dupont de l'Étang (1765–1840), French general and count of the Empire, defeated and captured at Bailén in 1808, later Minister of War and deputy for Charente.
Pietro Badoglio
Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956), Marshal of Italy, led the 1935–36 Ethiopian conquest and headed the Italian government from 25 July 1943, signing the Cassibile armistice, until 10 June 1944.
Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland (Oscar Carl Wilhelm, 1861–1951) was the third son of King Oscar II of Sweden, a Swedish army general, and chairman of the Swedish Red Cross.
Rodolfo Graziani
Rodolfo Graziani (1882–1955), Italian marshal and colonial administrator, led Libya's reconquest and Ethiopia's occupation, served as Salò defense minister, and was tried for collaborationism in 1948–1950 but never for colonial crimes.
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas (Thomas Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie, 1762-1806), French Revolutionary general born enslaved in Saint-Domingue, father of novelist Alexandre Dumas; general from 1793, Army of the Alps, Egypt cavalry commander, imprisoned at Taranto.
Ugo Cavallero
Ugo Cavallero (1880–1943), Italian Marshal and chief of the Comando Supremo 1940–43, planned the Malta invasion, was dismissed after El Alamein, and died at Frascati in September 1943 in disputed suicide-or-murder circumstances.