158 articles
Pyotr Wrangel
Pyotr Wrangel (Пётр Николаевич Врангель), the "Black Baron," 1878-1928, was the last White commander in chief in the Russian Civil War, governed South Russia from Crimea in 1920, evacuated 145,693 people to exile, founded ROVS, and died in Brussels.
Radko Dimitriev
Radko Dimitriev (Радко Димитриев, 1859–1918) was a Bulgarian-born general who commanded the Bulgarian Third Army in the First Balkan War before transferring to Russian service in 1914.
Radomir Putnik
Radomir Putnik (Радомир Путник), 1847 to 1917, was a Serbian field marshal and five-time Minister of War who led the army through the Balkan Wars and the First World War.
Richard Guyon
Richard Guyon (Guyon Richárd, 1813–1856) was an English-born Hungarian honvéd general in the 1848–49 War of Independence, later a lieutenant general in the Ottoman army.
Samad bey Mehmandarov
Samad bey Mehmandarov (Səməd bəy Mehmandarov) was an Azerbaijani general of artillery who served Russia for four decades, then built Azerbaijan's first national army as Minister of War.
Samuel Zborowski
Samuel Zborowski (died 1584) was a Polish magnate, cavalry captain, and Cossack hetman beheaded in Kraków on King Stephen Báthory's order in a contested execution.
Semyon Budyonny (Семён Михайлович Будённый)
Semyon Mikhaylovich Budyonny (Семён Михайлович Будённый), 1883–1973, Marshal of the Soviet Union and commander of the First Cavalry Army in the Russian Civil War; later a senior but largely unsuccessful World War II commander.
Semyon Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко)
Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко, 1895-1970) was a Soviet Marshal (1940), twice Hero of the Soviet Union, People's Commissar of Defense 1940-41, Winter War commander who broke the Mannerheim Line, and wartime front commander and Stavka coordinator.
Sergey Surovikin (Сергей Владимирович Суровикин)
Sergey Vladimirovich Surovikin (Сергей Владимирович Суровикин), "General Armageddon," Russian army general; Syria commander 2017 and 2019, Aerospace Forces chief 2017–2023, Ukraine theater commander October 2022 to January 2023, later posted to Algeria after the Wagner mutiny.
Stanisław Maczek
Stanisław Maczek (1892–1994) was a Polish general who commanded the 1st Armoured Division in the Normandy campaign and the liberation of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Stanisław Sosabowski
Stanisław Sosabowski was a Polish brigadier general who created the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade and led it at Arnhem during Operation Market Garden in 1944.
Stanisław Szeptycki
Stanisław Szeptycki (1867–1950) was a Polish count and general who commanded the Polish Legions, led the Polish General Staff, and served as Minister of Military Affairs.
Stepa Stepanović
Stepa Stepanović (Степа Степановић, 1856–1929) was a Serbian field marshal who commanded the Second Army, winning the Battle of Cer in 1914 and breaking the Salonika front in 1918.
Symon Petliura (Симон Васильович Петлюра)
Symon Petliura (Симон Васильович Петлюра), Ukrainian statesman, supreme otaman and Directory president 1918–1920, Paris exile leader, assassinated by Scholem Schwarzbard in 1926; acquitted at the 1927 trial.
Tadeusz Kościuszko
Tadeusz Kościuszko (Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko, 1746–1817) was a Polish-Lithuanian military engineer and general, a hero of the American Revolution at Saratoga and West Point and leader of Poland's 1794 uprising against Russia.
Tadeusz Kutrzeba
Tadeusz Kutrzeba was a Polish divisional general, military theorist, and historian who commanded the Poznań Army in 1939 and led the Battle of the Bzura, the campaign's largest Polish offensive.
Tadeusz Pełczyński
Tadeusz Pełczyński (1892–1985) was a Polish general who headed interwar military intelligence and counterintelligence and served as chief of staff and deputy commander of the wartime Home Army.
Tadeusz Rozwadowski
Tadeusz Rozwadowski was a Polish general, Chief of the General Staff during the Battle of Warsaw in 1920, later imprisoned after resisting Piłsudski's 1926 coup.
Theodoros Grivas
Theodoros Grivas (Θεόδωρος Γρίβας, 1797–1862), also known as Theodorakis Grivas, was a Greek armatolos, general, and politician who fought in the 1821 Revolution and led the 1854 Epirus revolt.
Tovmas Nazarbekian
Tovmas Nazarbekian (Թովմաս Նազարբեկյան), born Tovmas Hovhannes Nazarbekyan, was an Armenian lieutenant-general who served in the Russian army and commanded the First Republic of Armenia's forces from 1918 to 1920.
Urzhin Garmaev (Уржин Гармаевич Гармаев)
Urzhin Garmaev (Гармын Үржэн, 1888–1947) was a Buryat officer under Ataman Semyonov who emigrated to Manchuria in 1921, led the Shenehen Buryats, and became a lieutenant general of the Manchukuo army; executed in 1947, rehabilitated in 1992.
Valerii Zaluzhnyi (Валерій Федорович Залужний)
Valerii Zaluzhnyi (Валерій Федорович Залужний), born 1973, Ukrainian general; Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine 2021–2024, led Kyiv's defense and the 2022 counteroffensives, then ambassador to the UK.
Valery Gerasimov (Валерий Васильевич Герасимов)
Valery Vasilyevich Gerasimov (Валерий Васильевич Герасимов), Russian army general, Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Defense Minister since 2012, commander of Russian forces in Ukraine since 2023, and namesake of the disputed 'Gerasimov Doctrine.'
Vasily Chapayev
Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev (Василий Иванович Чапаев, 1887–1919), Red Army commander of the 25th Rifle Division in the Russian Civil War, killed at Lbishchensk; immortalized by Furmanov's 1923 novel and the 1934 Vasilyev brothers film.
Vasily Chuikov (Василий Иванович Чуйков)
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (Василий Иванович Чуйков, 1900–1982), Soviet Marshal (1955) and twice Hero of the Soviet Union; commanded the 62nd Army in the defense of Stalingrad and the 8th Guards Army to Berlin, later chief of USSR Civil Defense.
Vladimir Pikalov
Vladimir Karpovich Pikalov (Владимир Карпович Пикалов, 1924–2003), Soviet colonel-general, Chief of Chemical Troops 1969–1989, Hero of the Soviet Union (1986) for directing radiation reconnaissance and decontamination at Chernobyl.
Vladimir Vazov
Vladimir Vazov (Владимир Вазов, 1868–1945) was a Bulgarian lieutenant general who repelled the British at Doiran in 1918 and later served as mayor of Sofia.
Vojin Popović
Vojin Popović (Војин Поповић), better known as Vojvoda Vuk, was a celebrated Serbian Chetnik commander who fought in Macedonia, the Balkan Wars, and World War I.
Vsevolod Petriv
Vsevolod Petriv (Всеволод Петрів, 1883–1948) was a Ukrainian military leader and historian who served as UNR defense minister and chief of the General Staff, later writing four volumes of memoirs.
Walerian Czuma
Walerian Czuma was a Polish brigadier general who organized and commanded the defense of Warsaw in September 1939, holding the capital until its capitulation on 28 September.