2,425 articles
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha (محمد علي باشا, c. 1769–1849), Albanian-born Ottoman wali of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, founder of modern Egypt and of a dynasty ruling until 1952; ended Mamluk power in 1811 and expanded Egyptian rule to Sudan and Syria.
Muhammad bin Tughluq (محمد بن تغلق)
Muhammad bin Tughluq (محمد بن تغلق), sultan of Delhi 1325–1351, second Tughluq ruler; expanded the sultanate to 23 provinces, moved the capital to Daulatabad, and issued a failed copper token currency.
Muhammad Haydar (مُحَمَّد حيدر)
Muhammad Haydar (محمد حيدر, kunya Abu Ali), born 1959 in Kabrika, Lebanon, is a US-designated Hezbollah Jihad Council figure, former Marjayoun–Hasbaya MP (2005–2009), targeted by a reported 23 November 2024 Beirut airstrike.
Muhammad Khan Bangash (محمد خان بنگش)
Muhammad Khan Bangash (محمد خان بنگش), Nawab Ghazanfar Jang (1665–1743), a Bangash Afghan who founded Farrukhabad in 1714 and served the Mughals as governor of Allahabad and Malwa.
Muhammad Shaybani (محمد شیبانی خان)
Muhammad Shaybani Khan (Šāhī Beg, pen-name Šïbāni; r. 1500-10), grandson of Abu'l-Khayr, was the Uzbek Abu'l-Khayrid ruler who conquered the Timurid lands of Transoxania and Khorasan, took Samarqand in 1501 and Herat in 1507, and was killed by Shah Esmāʿīl's Safavids at Merv in December 1510.
Muhammad Sultan Mirza
Muhammad Sultan Mirza (1375–1403) was a Timurid prince, son of Jahangir and Timur's favorite grandson, who commanded the center at Ankara and died as heir apparent in 1403.
Muhoozi Kainerugaba
Muhoozi Kainerugaba (General MK) is Uganda's Chief of Defence Forces, son of President Yoweri Museveni, founder of the Patriotic League of Uganda, and the widely presumed heir whose declared 2031 presidential bid and 2026 actions dominate succession politics.
Mukund Varadarajan (முகுந்த் வரதராஜன்)
Major Mukund Varadarajan (முகுந்த் வரதராஜன்), 22 Rajput/44 Rashtriya Rifles officer, killed 25 April 2014 in the Qazipathri Shopian counter-terrorism operation, posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra; subject of the 2024 film Amaran.
Mullah Omar (ملا عمر)
Mullah Omar (ملا عمر), Mullah Mohammad Omar, founded the Taliban in Kandahar in 1994, ruled the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1996-2001 as amir al-mu'minin, refused to surrender bin Laden, and died in April 2013, confirmed July 2015.
Mumtaz Qadri (ممتاز قادری)
Mumtaz Qadri (Malik Muhammad Mumtaz Qadri) was the Elite Force bodyguard who assassinated Punjab Governor Salman Taseer in Islamabad on 4 January 2011 over Taseer's opposition to Pakistan's blasphemy laws, was sentenced to death by an anti-terrorism court, and was hanged at Adiala jail on 29 February 2016, later revered as a martyr whose shrine and TLP movement reshaped Barelvi politics.
Munindra Nath Rai
Colonel Munindra Nath Rai, YSM, SC (1965–2015), Indian Army officer of the 9 Gorkha Rifles who commanded 42 Rashtriya Rifles in Tral, Kashmir; killed 27 January 2015 leading an operation one day after his Yudh Seva Medal was announced, posthumously awarded the Shaurya Chakra.
Muqali
Muqali (Мухулай; 木华黎, 1170–1223) was a Jalayir general of the Mongol Empire, one of Genghis Khan's Four Stalwarts, and viceroy over the war against the Jin dynasty in northern China.
Murakami Takeyoshi
Murakami Takeyoshi (村上武吉, c. 1533 – 1604) was head of the Noshima Murakami, sea lords controlling shipping in the Seto Inland Sea who served the Mōri clan.
Murtaza Bhutto (مرتضیٰ بھٹو)
Mir Murtaza Bhutto (مرتضیٰ بھٹو), 1954-1996, Pakistani politician, eldest son of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, founder of Al-Zulfikar and PPP-Shaheed Bhutto, Sindh Assembly member killed by Karachi police in 1996.
Mushegh I Mamikonian
Mushegh I Mamikonian (Մուշեղ Մամիկոնյան) was a 4th-century Armenian sparapet, commander-in-chief of the army, and the leading figure of Arsacid Armenia from 365 to 375.
Mustafa ben Ismail
Mustafa ben Ismail (Mustapha ben Ismaël), c. 1769 to 1843, was an Arab chieftain of the Douairs tribe who became a French general during the conquest of Algeria.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), Ottoman-Turkish general and statesman, founder and first President of Turkey (1923), victor of Gallipoli and the Sakarya battle, granted the surname Atatürk in 1934, architect of Turkey's secular reforms.
Mutaguchi Renya
Mutaguchi Renya (牟田口廉也, 1888–1966) was a lieutenant general of the Imperial Japanese Army, the field commander at the 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident and commander of the catastrophic 1944 Imphal offensive.
Mutassim Gaddafi
Mutassim Gaddafi (Almuatesem Bellah Muammer Qadhafi), fourth son of Muammar Gaddafi and Libya's national security adviser, was captured by Misrata fighters outside Sirte on 20 October 2011 and died in custody; his killing remains under-investigated.
Mykhailo Drapatyi (Михайло Васильович Драпатий)
Mykhailo Drapatyi (Михайло Васильович Драпатий), born 1982, is Ukraine's commander-in-chief since 22 July 2026, a Mariupol 2014 veteran and former Ground Forces commander who replaced Oleksandr Syrskyi.
Myles Standish
Myles Standish (c. 1584–1656), also Miles Standish, English soldier and Mayflower passenger, military leader of Plymouth Colony, founder of Duxbury, subject of Longfellow's 1858 fictional Courtship poem.
Myron Tarnavsky
Myron Tarnavsky (Тарнавський, Мирон; 1869–1938) was a Ukrainian general from Galicia who commanded the Ukrainian Galician Army in the 1919 offensive that took Kyiv, and was court-martialed for an unauthorized armistice with Denikin.
Nabeshima Naoshige
Nabeshima Naoshige (鍋島直茂, 1538–1618) was a Japanese warlord of Hizen Province who ruled the Ryūzōji domain and founded the Saga domain, whose first lord was his son Katsushige.
Nader Shah (نادر شاه افشار)
Nader Shah (نادر شاه افشار), also Nader Qoli, Afsharid ruler of Iran 1736-1747; rose from Khorasan tribal origins, defeated Afghans, Ottomans, and Mughals, sacked Delhi in 1739, and was assassinated in 1747.
Nadja West
Nadja Y. West is a retired U.S. Army lieutenant general and physician, 44th Army Surgeon General (2015-2019), first Black Army Surgeon General, first Black female lieutenant general, and highest-ranking woman West Point graduate.
Nagakura Shinpachi
Nagakura Shinpachi, later known as Sugimura Yoshie, was a Japanese samurai who captained the Second Unit of the Shinsengumi and was one of few senior members to survive into the Meiji era.
Nagesh Kapoor
Air Marshal Nagesh Kapoor, SYSM PVSM AVSM VM, Indian Air Force fighter pilot and Vice Chief of the Air Staff from 1 January to 30 June 2026; former AOC-in-C Training Command and South Western Air Command.
Nana Saheb Peshwa II (नाना गोविंद धोंडू पंत)
Nana Saheb Peshwa II (नाना गोविंद धोंडू पंत), born Dhondu Pant (1820), adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, led the 1857 Kanpur rebellion, proclaimed himself Peshwa, and fled to Nepal, where his fate remains disputed.
Nanny of the Maroons
Nanny of the Maroons (Granny Nanny), Ashante-born 18th-century leader of Jamaica's Windward Maroons at Nanny Town, fought the British in the First Maroon War (1720-1739); Jamaica's only female National Hero (1982), on the $500 note.
Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey
Narendra Nath Dhar Dubey, NND Dubey, retired BSF Deputy Inspector General from Gorakhpur who led the 2003 operation killing Ghazi Baba, mastermind of the 2001 Parliament attack, won the Kirti Chakra, served nine years in the NIA, and is portrayed by Emraan Hashmi in Ground Zero (2025).