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Economics and business

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Goods and Services Tax (India)

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is India's dual value-added tax on goods and services, in force since 1 July 2017, with rates set jointly by the GST Council.

Goodwill (accounting)

Goodwill in accounting is the excess of the price paid for a business over the fair value of its identifiable net assets, recognized as an intangible asset.

Goodwill impairment

Goodwill impairment is an accounting charge when an acquired business's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, tested at least annually under US GAAP and IFRS.

Google

Google is the American technology company behind the world's dominant search engine, which also operates YouTube, Android, and Chrome and anchors the holding company Alphabet.

Google Finance

Google Finance is a free, ad-supported financial information and research service operated by Google, offering stock quotes, interactive charts, market news, watchlists, and portfolios, but no trading or brokerage services.

Google Pay (payment method)

Google Pay, also known as Android Pay or Pay with Google, is Google's contactless tap-to-pay and online checkout payment method, formed in 2018 and now the processing layer behind Google Wallet.

Goop (company)

Goop, also known as Goop.com, is an American wellness and lifestyle company founded by actress Gwyneth Paltrow in 2008 as a newsletter, known for wellness products and criticized health claims.

Gopal Vittal

Gopal Vittal is an Indian business executive who served as Managing Director and CEO of Bharti Airtel from 2013 to 2025, then became Executive Vice Chairman.

Gordon Bowker

Gordon Bowker (1942 to 2025) was a Seattle entrepreneur who co-founded Starbucks in 1971 and Redhook Ale Brewery, an early American craft brewery, in 1981.

Gordon Campbell (semiconductor executive)

Gordon A. Campbell is an American semiconductor executive, formerly of Intel, who co-founded Chips and Technologies in 1984 and is credited with pioneering the fabless model of chip design.

Gordon growth model

The Gordon growth model, introduced by Myron Gordon and Eli Shapiro in 1956, values a stock as the next expected dividend divided by required return minus perpetual growth.

Gordon model

The Gordon model is a dividend discount model that values a stock as the present value of dividends growing at a constant rate, using the formula V = D/(r − g).

Gordon Ringold

Gordon Ringold is a biochemist and biotechnology executive who led the Affymax Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, from 1991 to 2000, then co-founded Maxygen and other companies.

Gordon Ritter

Gordon Ritter is a venture capitalist who founded Emergence Capital in 2002 and is best known for Veeva Systems, the cloud software company that went public in 2013.

Gordon Sanghera

Gordon Sanghera, full name Gurdial Sanghera, is a life-science entrepreneur who co-founded Oxford Nanopore Technologies in 2005, led it as chief executive for two decades, and took it to a £4.9 billion London listing in 2021.

Gordon Singer

Gordon Singer is an American hedge-fund investor, the elder son of Elliott founder Paul Singer, and a Managing Partner who has led Elliott's London office since 2009.

Goryeo famine relief

Goryeo famine relief refers to the granaries, standing agencies, and emergency commissions by which Korea's Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) fed people during droughts, floods, epidemics, and war.

Goryeo land system

The Goryeo land system (고려의 토지제도) was the set of institutions by which Korea's Goryeo state registered, taxed, and distributed farmland from 918 to 1392, centered on the Jeonsigwa stipend-land scheme.

Goryeo tax system

The Goryeo tax system (고려의 조세 제도) raised revenue for Korea's Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) through the land tax, tribute in local products, and corvée labor paid by the farming majority.

Goryeo–Japan trade

Goryeo–Japan trade was maritime commerce between the Korean kingdom of Goryeo (918–1392) and Japan, conducted mainly from the eleventh through the thirteenth century through licensed Japanese ships sent to designated Goryeo ports.

GoStudent

GoStudent is a Vienna-based education technology company founded in 2016 by Felix Ohswald and Gregor Müller that sells subscription-based one-to-one video tutoring to school-age students.

Gotham Therapeutics

Gotham Therapeutics was a New York biotechnology company founded in 2017 that developed small-molecule drugs against RNA-modifying proteins, and was acquired by 858 Therapeutics in 2021.

Gotianun family

The Gotianun family is a Filipino-Chinese business family that founded and still controls Filinvest Development Corporation, a Philippine conglomerate in real estate, banking, and power.

Gourmey

Gourmey is a Paris-based cultivated-meat startup founded in 2019, known for its flagship cultivated foie gras; after merging into PARIMA in 2025–2026, it won Singapore approval for cultivated chicken and duck.

Gousto

Gousto is a British recipe-box delivery company founded by Timo Boldt in 2012, posting pre-portioned ingredients and recipes to subscribers; it became a unicorn in 2021.

Governance, risk management, and compliance

Governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) is a management approach coordinating an organization's governance, risk, and compliance activities, coined as a term by OCEG in 2002.

Government budget

A government budget, also known as a state or public budget, is a government's annual plan stating how much revenue it will raise and spend, and on what.

Government budget balance

The government budget balance, also called the fiscal balance, is a government's total revenue minus total expenditure over a period, positive in net lending and negative in net borrowing.

Government budget constraint

The government budget constraint is the macroeconomic identity that government spending and interest must be financed by taxes, borrowing, or money creation, year by year.

Government debt

Government debt, also called sovereign or public debt, is the total a government owes lenders, built up by selling bills and bonds to cover deficits.