21,337 articles
Historical components of the Nasdaq-100
Historical components of the Nasdaq-100 are companies that have ever held membership in the index of the 100 largest non-financial Nasdaq companies, launched January 31, 1985.
Historical components of the S&P 500
The historical components of the S&P 500 are the record of which companies have held membership in the index since its 1957 launch, with about 22 stocks added and deleted yearly.
Historical cost
Historical cost is an accounting measurement basis under which an asset is recorded at the consideration paid to acquire it, updated over time for depreciation, impairment, and accrued interest.
Historical GDP of China
Historical GDP of China reconstructs the country's total output from Song-dynasty estimates to official statistics, tracking its fall to 4.9% of world GDP by 1978.
Historical school of economics
The Historical school of economics was a German-led 19th-century movement rejecting classical universal laws, led by Roscher and Schmoller and dominant in Germany until World War I.
History of accounting
The history of accounting follows financial record-keeping from Sumerian clay tokens around 3250 BC to double entry in Genoa by 1340, Pacioli's 1494 treatise, and the first professional body in Edinburgh in 1853.
History of advertising
The history of advertising runs from painted walls in Roman Pompeii and town criers to the first agency in 1840 and digital media's 57.7% share of global spending in 2023.
History of Amazon
The history of Amazon traces the company Jeff Bezos founded in 1994 as an online bookstore, through the dot-com crash to $716.9 billion in 2025 sales.
History of banking
The history of banking runs from medieval money changers who assayed coin to today's globally regulated institutions, repeatedly reshaped by crises including the Great Depression and 2008.
History of bitcoin
The history of bitcoin covers the digital currency proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, from the 2009 launch through the Mt. Gox collapse to 2024 ETF approval.
History of capitalism
The history of capitalism studies how an economic system of markets, accumulated capital, and wage labor emerged and spread, with origins debated from around 1150 to the 16th century.
History of central banking in the United States
The history of central banking in the United States covers two early national banks that lost their charters and the Federal Reserve System created in 1913.
History of economic thought
The history of economic thought, also called history of economics, studies how ideas about production, exchange, money, and value developed, organized as schools from pre-classical writers to the present.
History of Federal Open Market Committee actions
The history of Federal Open Market Committee actions traces the decisions of the Fed's twelve-member rate-setting committee, from its 1933 origins through the Volcker shock and recent tightening.
History of Ghana
The history of Ghana, or Ghanaian history, runs from the medieval gold trade through four centuries of Gold Coast commerce to independence in 1957 and a cocoa-and-gold economy.
History of globalization
The history of globalization traces the world economy's growing integration through trade, migration, and capital flows, from the 1490s or the 1820s through today's slowdown since 2008.
History of insurance
The history of insurance runs from Babylonian bottomry loans around 1750 B.C. through 14th-century Italian marine policies to a global industry writing nearly $7.2 trillion in annual premiums.
History of macroeconomic thought
The history of macroeconomic thought traces how economists came to model the economy as a whole, from pre-1940 monetary and business-cycle theory to today's DSGE models.
History of marketing
The history of marketing traces how firms identified customers, distributed goods, and communicated with buyers, from early national markets through the first university courses in 1902 to AI-driven practice.
History of money
The history of money traces the objects and claims societies have used as money, from Mesopotamian tablets and Lydian coins through paper currency and fiat money.
History of Nintendo
The history of Nintendo traces the company from its 1889 founding as a Kyoto maker of hanafuda playing cards through toys and arcade games to video game giant.
History of Target Corporation
Target Corporation began as the Dayton Company, a Minneapolis department-store business incorporated in 1902, opened its first Target store in Roseville, Minnesota, in 1962, and reached $106.6 billion in fiscal 2024 net sales.
History of taxation in the United Kingdom
The history of taxation in the United Kingdom traces how the British state raised revenue, from medieval customs duties to income tax, introduced in 1799.
History of the cooperative movement
The history of the cooperative movement traces how member-owned businesses grew from the Rochdale Pioneers' 1844 store into a global sector of over 3 million cooperatives.
History of the economics profession
The history of the economics profession traces how economics became an organized academic discipline, from occasional political economy teaching to university departments, doctorates, and associations.
History of the euro
The history of the euro traces the currency from the 1969 Hague summit and Maastricht Treaty through its 1999 launch, 2002 cash, and the debt crisis.
History of the Federal Reserve System
The history of the Federal Reserve System, the United States central bank, began when Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, creating 12 regional Reserve Banks.
History of the United States dollar
The history of the United States dollar runs from the Coinage Act of 1792, which defined it in silver, to pure fiat money after 1976.
History of the United States public debt
The history of the United States public debt spans federal borrowing from the 1780s to over $40 trillion in 2026, with one complete payoff in 1835.
History of Twitter
Twitter was a short-message social network created in 2006 inside the podcasting startup Odeo, which grew into a global venue for breaking news before Musk bought it in 2022.