61 articles
List of doctoral degrees in the US
US doctoral degrees divide into research/scholarship doctorates (PhD, EdD, DMA, DBA), professional practice doctorates (MD, JD, DDS, PharmD, DVM), and other doctorates. 59,015 research doctorates were granted in 2025, 98.6% PhDs.
List of Ig Nobel Prize winners
List of Ig Nobel Prize winners: annual satirical science prizes since 1991 from Annals of Improbable Research, ten awards for research that makes people laugh then think; 2024-2026 winner lists, Andre Geim dual laureate, Zurich 2026 venue.
List of Indian scientists
List of Indian scientists: rosters of Indian researchers, from the TIFR booklet's 16 founding figures (J.C. Bose, Raman, S.N. Bose, Ramanujan) to the DST NSTMIS database of serving government scientists and bibliometric rankings.
List of recognized higher education accreditation organizations
Recognized higher education accreditation organizations: US accreditors recognized by the US Department of Education or CHEA (institutional, national, specialized), plus international networks ENQA and INQAAHE.
MacArthur Fellows Program
MacArthur Fellows Program, or "genius grant": annual no-strings $800,000 five-year fellowships since 1981 from the MacArthur Foundation to creative individuals, awarded by nomination only with no applications accepted.
Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune, born Mary Jane McLeod (1875–1955), was an American educator, presidential advisor, and civil rights activist who founded Bethune-Cookman University and the National Council of Negro Women.
Master of Education
Master of Education (MEd, Ed.M.): professional graduate degree in education, distinct from the MAT and MA in Education; typically 1–2 years, about 30 credits, applied focus, specializations in curriculum, leadership, counseling, and technology.
Master of Social Work
Master of Social Work (MSW): the graduate degree qualifying for master's-level social work licensure and, after supervised practice, clinical licenses like the LCSW. CSWE-accredited, about 60 credits, 900 field hours, 530 U.S. programs.
National Service Scheme
National Service Scheme (NSS), India's student community-service program under the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, launched 24 September 1969 with motto "Not Me But You", 120 volunteer hours yearly plus a 7-day camp.
National Union of Students (Brazil)
The National Union of Students (União Nacional dos Estudantes, UNE) is the representative body of Brazilian university students, founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1937.
Neal A. Maxwell
Neal A. Maxwell (Neal Ash Maxwell, 1926–2004) was a Latter-day Saint apostle from 1981 to 2004, former University of Utah executive vice president, Church education commissioner, and author of about 30 religious books.
Nicholas Lemann
Nicholas Lemann, American journalist and author of The Big Test and The Promised Land, was dean of Columbia Journalism School 2003-2013, directs Columbia Global Reports, and writes for The New Yorker.
Peer review
Peer review: expert evaluation of scholarly manuscripts and grants before publication. Began informally with the 1665 Journal des sçavans and Philosophical Transactions; formalized after WWII; single-, double-blind, and open models; modest reviewer agreement (kappa 0.31).
Postgraduate diploma
Postgraduate diploma (PGDip, PgDip): a taught master's-level qualification, UK FHEQ Level 7, worth 120 credits versus 180 for a master's, same content without the dissertation; level 8 in New Zealand, level 9 in Ireland.
Postgraduate education
Postgraduate education (graduate education) is study after a first degree: master's, doctoral, and postgraduate diploma programs within tertiary education. Distinguished by graded degrees, the research doctorate, and three-cycle structures.
Reichman University
Reichman University, formerly the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC Herzliya), is a private nonprofit university in Herzliya, Israel. Founded in 1994 by Uriel Reichman, it became Israel's first private university in 2021.
Resident assistant
Resident assistant (RA), also called resident advisor or community advisor: a live-in trained student staff member in college residence halls who builds community, enforces policy, and handles on-call crisis response, typically for 25–60 residents in exchange for housing and a stipend.
Robert J. Carney
Robert J. Carney (d. 2009), Canadian Catholic education historian and University of Alberta professor emeritus; NWT chief superintendent of schools 1969-1971; father of Mark Carney; not the Brown donor or cardiologist of the same name.
Robert Maynard Hutchins
Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899-1977), American educator and fifth president of the University of Chicago (1929-1951), reformed undergraduate education around general education, comprehensive exams, and Great Books with Mortimer Adler, later leading the Ford Foundation's Fund for the Republic.
Russell Group
The Russell Group is a self-selected association of 24 research-intensive UK universities, founded in 1994 and named after Russell Square, London; it dominates UKRI research funding (53%) and advocates on policy.
Scholar
Scholar: a person engaged in advanced study and knowledge creation, the core of the academic profession across teaching, research, and service; distinct from researcher, historically tied to the PhD, tenure, and academic freedom.
South African Qualifications Authority
South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), statutory oversight body of South Africa's National Qualifications Framework, established by Act 58 of 1995 and continuing under the NQF Act 67 of 2008; registers qualifications, oversees quality councils, evaluates foreign qualifications.
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), founded in Atlanta in 1895, is a private nonprofit body accrediting schools and colleges across the southern United States.
Student exchange program
Student exchange program: reciprocal short-term study abroad while enrolled at a home institution (e.g., Erasmus+, Fulbright), distinct from degree mobility; defined by credit transfer, 3-month-plus stays, and measured academic, career, and intercultural outcomes.
SWAYAM
SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) is India's government MOOC platform by the Ministry of Education, offering free Class 9 to postgraduate courses with four-quadrant content, proctored certification, and up to 40 percent credit transfer.
Tertiary education in Australia
Tertiary education in Australia covers post-secondary higher education (university degrees) and VET at TAFE institutes, regulated by TEQSA, funded via CSPs and HECS-HELP loans, and reshaped by the Dawkins reforms and 2026 Accord funding changes.
Thiel Fellowship
Thiel Fellowship: two-year grant program of Peter Thiel's Thiel Foundation, founded 2011 (originally $100,000, now $250,000) paying people 22 or younger, without a degree, to skip or leave college and build ventures.
Undergraduate education
Undergraduate education: pre-degree higher education, chiefly bachelor's (ISCED 6) and short-cycle (ISCED 5) programs. Covers international classification, curriculum history, completion rates, earnings premiums, and US enrollment and funding trends.
University of the Third Age
University of the Third Age (U3A, Université du Troisième Âge): international movement of non-credit learning organizations for retired people, founded in Toulouse in 1973 by Pierre Vellas; French university-linked and British self-help models; AIUTA since 1975.
Vikas Divyakirti (विकास दिव्यकीर्ति)
Vikas Divyakirti (विकास दिव्यकीर्ति), born 1973 in Bhiwani, Haryana, is an Indian educator, UPSC 1996 AIR 384 holder, and founder of Drishti IAS, the Hindi-medium-focused civil services coaching institute.