72 articles
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act), India's Act No. 35 of 2009 in force 1 April 2010, guarantees free education for children aged 6-14, including a 25% private-school quota and the amended no-detention policy.
Right to education
The right to education, a human right rooted in UDHR Article 26 (1948) and elaborated by the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education and ICESCR Articles 13-14, defined by the 4As.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (सर्व शिक्षा अभियान)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (सर्व शिक्षा अभियान, SSA) was India's flagship centrally sponsored scheme for universal elementary education, launched 2001–02 for children aged 6–14, implementing the RTE Act 2009, and subsumed into Samagra Shiksha in 2018.
Savitribai Phule (सावित्रीबाई फुले)
Savitribai Phule (सावित्रीबाई फुले), 1831–1897, Indian social reformer regarded as India's first female school teacher; with Jyotirao Phule she opened Pune's 1848 girls' school, taught lower-caste children, and founded an 1863 infanticide-prevention home.
School choice
School choice: education policies letting families pick schools beyond assigned neighborhood schools, including vouchers, charter schools, ESAs, and open enrollment, originating with Milton Friedman's 1955 voucher proposal.
School integration in the United States
School integration in the United States: the movement to desegregate public schools launched by Brown v. Board (1954), enforced by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and court-ordered busing, which peaked in 1988 and has since reversed amid resegregation.
School voucher
School voucher: a publicly funded tuition certificate for private schools, proposed by Thomas Paine (1791) and popularized by Milton Friedman; US lottery evidence mostly shows null test-score effects, with Louisiana negative and Ohio college gains positive.
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) is a collective label for four disciplines, coined at the U.S. National Science Foundation in the 1990s and adopted in 2001, now central to education policy, equity debates, and workforce programs worldwide.
Spiru Haret
Spiru Haret (1851–1912) was a Romanian mathematician, astronomer, and statesman whose education laws of 1898–1910 reformed Romanian schooling; his doctoral work on planetary orbits drew praise from Henri Poincaré.
The Boston Globe
The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper founded in 1872. It was purchased by The New York Times Company in 1993 and later sold to John W. Henry in 2013.
United States Department of Education
The United States Department of Education is the federal agency that administers most federal aid to education, created as a cabinet-level department in 1979 under President Jimmy Carter.
Universal Primary Education (Nigeria)
Universal Primary Education (UPE) was a Nigerian federal program launched in September 1976 that made primary education free nationwide and compulsory from 1979, doubling enrollment.