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Elam: texts, inscriptions, and institutions

21 articles

Acropole texts

The Acropole texts are administrative and legal cuneiform tablets, mostly in Akkadian, excavated on the Susa acropolis in Iran from 1897 and dating chiefly to the Sukkalmah period.

Awan dynasty

The Awan dynasty, also known as the Dynasty of Awan, was a dynasty of Elam in southwestern Iran, known from the Sumerian King List and a king list from Susa.

Bit-Iakin

Bit-Iakin, more commonly written Bit-Yakin, was a Chaldean tribal polity in the marshlands of southern Babylonia, an adversary of Assyria in the 8th century BC.

Guennol Lioness

The Guennol Lioness is a small stone figure of a striding lioness from Elam, circa 3000–2800 BC, which sold at Sotheby's in 2007 for a record $57.2 million.

Haft Tappeh archive

The Haft Tappeh archive, also known as the Kabnak tablets, is a corpus of administrative cuneiform tablets from Kabnak, near Susa, Iran, from the late fifteenth and early fourteenth century BC.

Igihalkid dynasty

The Igihalkid dynasty, also spelled Igehalkid, was a Middle Elamite royal line named for its ancestor Igi-halki that ruled Elam from about 1400 to 1210 BC.

Inscriptions of Hanni

The Inscriptions of Hanni, also printed Hanne, are Neo-Elamite rock texts carved for Hanni son of Tahhi, local ruler of Ayapir in the Izeh valley, Khuzestan, Iran.

Inscriptions of Puzur-Insusinak

The Inscriptions of Puzur-Insusinak (Puzur-Šušinak inscriptions) are Akkadian and Linear Elamite texts of the last king of Awan, found at Susa and largely held in the Louvre.

Kidinuid dynasty

The Kidinuid dynasty, named after king Kidinu, was the first group of Middle Elamite rulers of ancient Elam, centered on Susa around 1500–1400 BC and best known from the Haft Tappeh tablets of Tepti-Ahar.

Kneeling Bull with Vessel

The Kneeling Bull with Vessel is a silver figurine of a bull with a human kneeling posture, holding a spouted vessel, from Proto-Elamite Iran around 3100–2900 BCE.

Linear Elamite

Linear Elamite is a Bronze Age writing system used in southern Iran from about 2900 to 1900 BCE, best known from the Susa inscriptions of Puzur-Inšušinak.

Neo-Elamite tablets from Susa

The Neo-Elamite tablets from Susa, known as the Susa Acropole tablets, are an archive of 299 Elamite administrative tablets excavated at Susa, Iran, and dated around 590–555 BCE.

Proto-Elamite period

The Proto-Elamite period is the earliest phase of writing on the Iranian plateau, centered on Susa and Anshan, with about 1,700 undeciphered administrative clay tablets from around 3050 to 2900 BC.

Proto-Elamite script

Proto-Elamite is one of the world's earliest writing systems, used in Iran around 3100–2900 BC. Its roughly 1,600 clay tablets are administrative records, and the script remains only partly deciphered.

Proto-Elamite tablets (Tepe Yahya)

The Proto-Elamite tablets of Tepe Yahya are a small archive of 26 administrative clay tablets, written in the undeciphered Proto-Elamite script and excavated at Tepe Yahya in Kerman province, southeastern Iran.

Shimashki dynasty

The Shimashki dynasty (Šimaški) ruled Elam and western Iran from about 2100 to 1970 BC, destroying the Ur III empire when Kindattu captured Ur in 2004 BC.

Shutrukid dynasty

The Shutrukid dynasty, also written Sutrukid or Šutrukid, ruled Elam from Susa around 1210–1100 BCE, founded by Shutruk-Nahhunte and ending the Kassite kingdom of Babylon.

Sit-Shamshi bronze

The Sit-Shamshi bronze is a 12th-century BC Elamite bronze model of a sunrise ritual, made for King Šilhak-Inšušinak I and found at Susa, now in the Louvre.

Sukkal of Elam and Shimashki

The sukkal of Elam and Shimashki was a delegated high office of the Sukkalmah state of Elam, held by the ruler's children who governed the eastern provinces.

Sukkal of Susa

The sukkal of Susa was a delegated vice-regal office of Sukkalmah Elam, governing Susiana around the capital Susa in southwestern Iran during the early second millennium BC.

Sukkalmah dynasty

The Sukkalmah dynasty, also called the Epartid dynasty, ruled Elam and Anshan from about 1970 to 1600 BCE, when Elam became a major powerbroker across Western Asia.