16 articles
Conquest of Urartu by Cyaxares
The conquest of Urartu by Cyaxares is the traditional name for the end of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu, attributed to a Median invasion around 609 BC.
Cyaxares' massacre of the Scythian leaders
Cyaxares' massacre of the Scythian leaders is an episode in Herodotus where the Median king killed drunk Scythian leaders at a banquet, ending their rule.
Cyaxares' reorganization of the Median army
Cyaxares' reorganization of the Median army was a late 7th-century BC reform in which King Cyaxares, according to Herodotus, first divided troops into spearmen, archers, and cavalry.
Decline of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex
The decline of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) was the end of the Oxus Civilization in southern Central Asia, with settlements abandoned by 1700 BC, attributed to environmental deterioration and steppe contact.
Fall of Assur
The Fall of Assur, or Sack of Assur, was the capture and sack of the Assyrian cult city of Assur by the Medes under Cyaxares in 614 BC, two years before Nineveh fell.
Hasanlu destruction
The Hasanlu destruction was the violent, fire-sealed end of the Iron Age citadel of Hasanlu Tepe in northwestern Iran, around 800 BC, by attackers never certainly identified.
Indo-Iranian migrations into the Iranian plateau
The Indo-Iranian migrations into the Iranian plateau brought Iranian-speaking peoples from Central Asia in the late 2nd millennium BC, later underlying the Median and Persian empires.
Mannean–Assyrian wars
The Mannean–Assyrian wars were recurring conflicts and shifting alliances between the kingdom of Mannea in northwestern Iran and the Neo-Assyrian Empire, spanning roughly 843 to 616 BC.
Median settlement of Iran
The Median settlement of Iran was the arrival and settlement of Iranian-speaking Median tribes in western Iran, placed by scholars at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE.
Median–Lydian war
The Median–Lydian war was a five-year war between Media under Cyaxares and Lydia under Alyattes, fought in eastern Anatolia in about 590–585 BC over Cappadocia.
Medo-Persian conflict
The Medo-Persian conflict was the war between the Median king Astyages and Cyrus II of Persis, fought from about 553 to 550 BC, ending with Astyages's capture and the fall of Ecbatana.
Revolt of Kashtaritu
The Revolt of Kashtaritu, or Kashtariti revolt, was an anti-Assyrian rising around 675 BCE led by Kaštaritu, a city lord of Karkaššî in the Zagros, against Esarhaddon of Assyria.
Sargon II's campaign against Ellipi
Sargon II's campaign against Ellipi was an Assyrian military expedition of 713 BC into the central Zagros that suppressed revolts, made Karalla a province, and restored King Dalta.
Sargon II's campaigns against Mannea
Sargon II's campaigns against Mannea were Assyrian military interventions in the Iranian kingdom of Mannea between 719 and 715 BC, ending with Ullusunu restored as an Assyrian vassal.
Scythian domination of Media
The Scythian domination of Media is the period of Scythian overlordship over the Medes reported by Herodotus, traditionally dated c. 653–625 BC and associated with the Scythian king Madyes.
Treaty of the Halys
The Treaty of the Halys, or Median–Lydian peace treaty, ended the war between Cyaxares of Media and Alyattes of Lydia, interrupted by a solar eclipse in 585 BC.