68 articles
Ishpakai
Ishpakai, also Išpakai, was a Scythian leader in Neo-Assyrian records of Esarhaddon's reign, defeated and killed around 675 BCE after joining the Manneans against Assyria; his successor was Bartatua.
Ishpuini
Ishpuini, also spelled Išpuini or Ispuini, was king of Urartu from about 830 to 810 BC, son of Sarduri I and father of Menua, and the first Urartian king to commission inscriptions in the Urartian language.
Karagündüz inscriptions
The Karagündüz inscriptions are two Urartian royal basalt stelae from Karagündüz on Lake Erçek near Van, Turkey, dedicated to the god Haldi and held in the Van Museum.
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele, also spelled Kelishin, is a Urartian-Assyrian bilingual stone stele of kings Išpuini and Minua, dated to 820–810 BCE and now in the Urmia Museum.
Lutipri
Lutipri, also written Lutibri, was an early ruler of Urartu around 844 to 830 BC, known only as the father named by King Sarduri I in his inscriptions.
Madyes
Madyes, also Madyas, was a Scythian king of the 7th century BC, son of Protothyes, known chiefly from Herodotus as the commander who defeated the Medes, after which the Scythians dominated Western Asia for decades.
Mannean–Urartian wars
The Mannean–Urartian wars were recurring conflicts between Urartu and the kingdom of Mannea over the Urmia basin from about 820 BC to the mid-7th century BC.
Median invasion of Urartu
The Median invasion of Urartu is the traditional name for the late-7th-century BC Median assault, attributed to Cyaxares, credited with ending the kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian highland.
Meher Kapı
Meher Kapı (Meher Kapısı) is an Urartian rock inscription near Van, Turkey, listing 79 gods, carved for King Išpuini and Minua in the 9th century BCE.
Menua
Menua, also spelled Menuas or Minua, was king of Urartu from about 810 BC, who consolidated the kingdom and built the Şamran canal still watering the Van plain.
Rusa I
Rusa I (Rusas I), son of Sarduri II, was king of Urartu around 735–713 BC, rebuilding the kingdom before defeat by Sargon II of Assyria in 714 BC.
Rusa II
Rusa II, also written Rusas II, was king of Urartu from about 685 to 645 BC and its last great king, who built fortified cities against Cimmerian and Scythian raiders.
Rusa III
Rusa III, also known as Rusa, son of Erimena, was a king of Urartu who ruled the kingdom of Van at or near its end, probably in the late 7th century BC.
Rusa IV
Rusa IV is, in the traditional Urartian king list, the last known king of Urartu, the Kingdom of Van, conventionally placed around 590-585 BC, though his reign rests on contested scholarly reconstruction.
Sack of Musasir (714 BC)
The sack of Musasir was the 714 BC plunder of the temple of Haldi at Musasir by Sargon II of Assyria, yielding over a tonne of gold.
Sandakshatru
Sandakshatru, also written Sandakšatru, was a king of the Cimmerians who succeeded his father Dugdammē around 640 BC and is known only from Neo-Assyrian records.
Sarduri I
Sarduri I, also rendered Sarduris I, was a king of Urartu in the mid-9th century BC, son of Lutipri, who founded the dynasty ruling from Tushpa near Lake Van.
Sarduri II
Sarduri II (Sardur II, Sarduris II) was king of Urartu at the height of its power, until his defeat by Tiglath-pileser III in 743 BC.
Sarduri III
Sarduri III, also rendered Sardur III, was a king of Urartu in the third quarter of the 7th century BC, the last externally attested Urartian king.
Sarduri IV
Sarduri IV was a late king of Urartu, the iron-age Kingdom of Van, attested in Biainian royal inscriptions; his reign and chronology remain disputed by scholars.
Sargon II's eighth campaign
Sargon II's eighth campaign, also known as Sargon II's campaign against Urartu (714 BC), was his 714 BC expedition across the Zagros against Urartu, crushing Rusa I and sacking Musasir.
Scythian incursion into the Near East
The Scythian incursion into the Near East was a series of raids by nomadic horsemen from the steppes into Urartu, Mannea, and Assyria during the 7th century BCE.
Shupria
Shupria, also known as Shubria, was a small Hurrian kingdom on the northern bank of the upper Tigris that served Assyria as a vassal until Esarhaddon conquered it in 673 BC.
Siege of Tushpa
The siege of Tushpa was the 735 BC Assyrian assault on the Urartian capital by Tiglath-Pileser III, who burned the lower city but failed to take the citadel.
Sien (king of Diauehi)
Sien, also spelled Seni or Sieni, was king of Diauehi, a polity of northeast Anatolia, captured by Tiglath-Pileser I in 1112 BC and pardoned at Assur.
Te'uspa
Te'uspa, also written Teušpa or Teushpa, was a king of the Cimmerians, defeated with his entire army by the Assyrian king Esarhaddon near Ḫubušnu in 679 BC.
Teishebaini archive
The Teishebaini archive, also called the Karmir Blur archive, is a set of Urartian cuneiform clay tablets found at a 7th-century BC fortress in Yerevan, Armenia.
Topzawa Stele
The Topzawa Stele is a Urartian-Assyrian bilingual stele of King Rusa I of Urartu, erected near Topzawa in Iraqi Kurdistan in the 8th century BC.
Ualli
Ualli was a king of Mannea, a kingdom in the Zagros mountains of western Iran, who took the throne with Assyrian support after his father Ahsheri was assassinated.
Ullusunu
Ullusunu, also known as Ullusunnu, was king of Mannea in western Iran from about 716 BC, ruling as a vassal of Sargon II of Assyria.