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Ancient Egypt

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Aadloun stele

The Aadloun stele (نصب عدلون) is an Egyptian-style royal stele attributed to Ramesses II, found at Aadloun on the Lebanese coast between Sidon and Tyre.

Aamu

Aamu is an Egyptian term, usually translated "Asiatic," for the Semitic-speaking peoples of the Levant, attested from the Sixth Dynasty and especially common in Middle Kingdom sources.

Aat (queen)

Aat was a queen consort of ancient Egypt's Twelfth Dynasty and a wife of King Amenemhat III, known from her burial in his pyramid at Dahshur.

Abandonment of Amarna

The abandonment of Amarna, also known as the abandonment of Akhetaten, was the desertion of Akhenaten's capital, built around 1347 BCE and largely emptied within about 12 years.

Abbott Papyrus

The Abbott Papyrus is a Hieratic legal record from Thebes, dated to Year 16 of Ramesses IX, reporting an official inspection of the royal necropolis after tomb robberies.

Abu Simbel

Abu Simbel (أبو سمبل): twin rock-cut temples of Ramesses II in Lower Nubia, c. 1264 BC, with twice-yearly solar illumination on 22 February and 22 October, relocated 208 m in 1968 under a UNESCO campaign.

Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti

The Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti are three Phoenician inscriptions, CIS I 111–113, carved on the broken colossus at Abu Simbel by Phoenician soldiers of Psammetichus II's 593 BCE Nubian campaign.

Abusir Papyri

The Abusir Papyri are administrative papyri from the mortuary temple of King Neferirkare Kakai at Abusir, Egypt, dating to the Fifth Dynasty, about 2480–2350 BC.

Abydos Dynasty

The Abydos Dynasty is a proposed line of local kings who ruled at Abydos, Upper Egypt, around 1650 to 1600 BC, during the late Second Intermediate Period.

Abydos graffiti

The Abydos graffiti are Phoenician-language inscriptions scratched on the walls of the temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt, by Levantine visitors of the Persian period, including an Arvadite.

Abydos ivory tags

Abydos ivory tags, also known as Abydos tags, are small inscribed plaques tied to tomb goods, including the earliest widely accepted evidence for writing in Egypt.

Abydos King List

The Abydos King List of Seti I is a relief of 76 Egyptian royal names carved in Seti I's temple at Abydos, running from Menes to Seti I around 1290-1279 BCE.

Abydos King List of Ramesses II

The Abydos King List of Ramesses II is a 19th Dynasty tablet naming 30 pharaohs, found at Abydos in 1818 and now in the British Museum.

Abydos stelae of the Third Intermediate Period

Private votive stelae dedicated to Osiris at Abydos, Egypt, during the Third Intermediate Period, ca. 1070 to 664 BC, in limestone and wooden forms with extensive family genealogies.

Abydos, Egypt

Abydos (ancient Abdju) is a major Upper Egypt archaeological site 400 km south of Cairo, home of Umm el-Qaab, the First and Second Dynasty royal necropolis of Egypt's earliest kings, the Osiris cult and pilgrimage center, and the Temple of Seti I.

Achaemenid Egypt

Achaemenid Egypt, also known as Persian Egypt, covers Egypt's two periods under Persian rule: Cambyses II's conquest of 525 BC and Artaxerxes III's reconquest in 343 BC.

Achaemenid satraps of Egypt

Achaemenid satraps of Egypt were Persian governors who ruled the Egyptian province from 525 BC to the early fourth century and again from 343/2 BC until 332 BC.

Achillas

Achillas was a guardian and general of Ptolemy XIII who helped murder Pompey in 48 BC and led the Egyptian army against Julius Caesar until his death in 47 BC.

Adon Papyrus

The Adon Papyrus is a nine-line Aramaic letter from about 600 BC, found at Saqqara in 1942, in which King Adon begs the pharaoh for help against Babylonian armies.

Adoption Stela of Nitocris

The Adoption Stela of Nitocris, also known as the Stela of the Adoption of Nitocris, is a granite stela from Karnak recording Princess Nitocris's adoption as future God's Wife of Amun in 656 BC.

Adoption stelae of the God's Wives of Amun

The adoption stelae of the God's Wives of Amun are Theban inscriptions of the 7th and 6th centuries BC recording successors to Egypt's highest female priestly office.

Agathoclea

Agathoclea, also transliterated Agathokleia, was a mistress of King Ptolemy IV Philopator who with her brother Agathocles dominated the Alexandrian court until a mob killed the family in 203 BC.

Agathocles (minister of Ptolemy IV)

Agathocles was a Ptolemaic courtier who served as chief minister under Ptolemy IV and then regent for the child Ptolemy V, until an Alexandrian mob killed him in 203 BC.

Aglais (musician)

Aglais (Ancient Greek Ἀγλαΐς), daughter of Megakles, was a Hellenistic trumpet player who performed at the first great procession at Alexandria and was remembered for her gluttony.

Aha's campaign against Nubia

Aha's campaign against Nubia was a military action by Hor-Aha, an early First Dynasty king of Egypt, recorded on a year label from his tomb at Abydos.

Ahanakht I

Ahanakht I, also written Ahanekht, was an ancient Egyptian nomarch and Great Chief of the Hare Nome, buried at Deir el-Bersha in Middle Egypt in the late Eleventh Dynasty.

Ahhotep I

Ahhotep I, also known as Ahhotpe, was an Egyptian queen of Thebes, wife of Seqenenre Tao and mother of Ahmose I, active around 1560-1530 BC.

Ahhotep II

Ahhotep II is the conventional name for a queen of Egypt's Seventeenth Dynasty, hypothetically a wife of King Kamose, whose gilded coffin was found at Thebes in 1859.

Ahmes

Ahmes, Egyptian Ahmose, was an ancient Egyptian scribe who copied the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus in year 33 of King Apepi, around 1537 BCE, and is known from nothing else.

Ahmose (fan-bearer)

Ahmose, also written Ahmes, was an Egyptian court official under Akhenaten who served as true scribe of the king and fan-bearer on the king's right hand.