66 articles
Ahuni (king of Bit-Adini)
Ahuni, also written Aḫuni, was the last king of Bit-Adini, an Aramaean kingdom on the middle Euphrates south of Carchemish, defeated and captured by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III around 855 BC.
Ammi-ba'al
Ammi-ba'al, also rendered Ammi-ba'lī, was an Aramaean king of Bīt-Zamāni in the Upper Tigris valley, reduced to vassalage by Assyria and assassinated by his own nobles in 879 BC.
Arame (king of Arpad)
Arame, also known as Arame of Bit-Agusi, was the second king of Bit Agusi in northern Syria, who submitted to Assyria's Shalmaneser III in 858 BCE.
Astiru
Astiru, also read Astiruwa or Asti-Ruwas, was an early Iron Age king of Carchemish, a Neo-Hittite city-state on the Euphrates, known only from Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions and dated to about 810 BC.
Astiru II
Astiru II was a Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish who ruled around 755 BC, the penultimate king of the House of Sastura before Pisiri, and is known from the only monumental cuneiform inscription of a Neo-Hittite ruler.
Astiruwa
Astiruwa, also known as Astiru or Asti-Ruwas, was a ruler of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Carchemish around 810 BC, founder of the dynasty called the House of Astiruwa.
Astuwatamanzas
Astuwatamanzas, also read Astuwalamanza, was an early Iron Age ruler of Carchemish on the Euphrates in northern Syria, of the house of Suhi, dated to about the 10th century BC.
Atarshumki I
Atarshumki I, also written Attar-šumki or Attarsumki, was a king of the Aramean kingdom of Bit Agusi in northern Syria, defeated by the Assyrian king Adad-nirari III.
Awarikus
Awarikus, also written Awariku or Warika and probably the Urikki of Assyrian records, was an 8th-century BC king of Ḫiyawa, the Iron Age kingdom in the Cilician plain that Assyrian sources call Que.
Bar-Rakib
Bar-Rakib, also Bar-Rekub, was king of Samʾal, an Aramean kingdom in the northern Levant, from about 733 to 713 BC, the last king known from inscriptions at Zincirli.
Ben-Hadad I
Ben-Hadad I, also Bir-Hadad or Bar-Hadad, was a king of Aram-Damascus in the early ninth century BC, son of Tabrimmon and contemporary of Asa of Judah.
Ben-Hadad II
Ben-Hadad II, also known as Bar-Hadad II, was a ninth-century BC king of Aram-Damascus who fought Ahab of Israel, led a coalition against Assyria at Qarqar in 853 BC, and was murdered by Hazael.
Ben-Hadad III
Ben-Hadad III, also called Bar-Hadad, was a king of Aram-Damascus from around 800 BC, the son and successor of Hazael, known from the Bible and Assyrian inscriptions.
Gabbar of Sam'al
Gabbar, also rendered Gabar, was the first known king of Sam'al, an Iron Age kingdom at Zincirli Höyük in modern Turkey, reigning around the 920s BC.
Gusi
Gusi (Guši, Guš) was an Aramean ruler of northern Syria around 890–860 BC, eponym of the kingdom of Bit Agusi, whose capital was Arpad and who paid tribute to Assyria.
Hadadezer (king of Zobah)
Hadadezer, also spelled Hadarezer, was the Aramean king of Zobah, son of Rehob, whom the Hebrew Bible presents as David's opponent north of Damascus in the tenth century BC.
Halparuntiya I (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya I was a king of Gurgum, a Neo-Hittite kingdom centered on modern Kahramanmaraş in southern Turkey, who reigned around 910 BC as the son of Muwizi and father of Muwatalli II.
Halparuntiya II (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya II, also rendered Qalparunda, was a king of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, reigning from about 860 BC and appearing as a tributary of Shalmaneser III.
Halparuntiya III (Gurgum)
Halparuntiya III, also Qalparunda III, was a king of the Neo-Hittite state of Gurgum, capital at Marqas (modern Kahramanmaraş, Turkey), around 800 BC, known from a gate lion bearing a seven-generation genealogy.
Hamiyata
Hamiyata was a king of Masuwari, the Luwian name for Til Barsip on the Euphrates in Syria, ruling in the late 10th or early 9th century BC.
Hapatila
Hapatila was the earliest named king of Masuwari, the Luwian name of Til Barsip on the Euphrates, known only as a dynastic ancestor of the 10th and 9th centuries BCE.
Hattusili (king of Kummuh)
Hattusili, also known as Hattushili and called Qatazili in Assyrian sources, was a 9th-century BC ruler of Kummuhi, a Syro-Hittite kingdom on the upper Euphrates who allied with Assyria.
Hazael (king of Aram-Damascus)
Hazael, also Hasael, was king of Aram-Damascus from about 842 to 798 BC and its most powerful king, a usurper who withstood Assyria and conquered Israelite lands.
Ini-Teshub II
Ini-Teshub (Initešub) was a king attested in 1100 BC in the annals of the Assyrian ruler Tiglath-Pileser I, commonly identified as a king of Carchemish in northern Syria.
Irhuleni
Irhuleni, also known as Urḫilina, was a 9th-century BC king of Hamath who led a coalition against Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.
Kamani (king of Carchemish)
Kamani, also rendered Kamanis, was a Luwian-speaking king of Carchemish in the early 8th century BC, who succeeded as a child under the regent Yariri.
Kapara (king of Guzana)
Kapara, son of Hadianu, was an Aramaean king of Guzana at Tell Halaf in north-east Syria, builder of a famous basalt-relief palace in the 10th or 9th century BC.
Katuwa of Carchemish
Katuwa, also read Katuwas, was a ruler of Carchemish around 925 BC of the House of Suhi, known chiefly from long Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions recording his buildings.
Kilamuwa
Kilamuwa, also known as Kulamuwa, was the fifth king of Sam'al, an Iron Age kingdom at Zincirli Höyük in southern Turkey, known from his basalt stela with a Phoenician inscription, dated around 830 BCE.
Kundashpi
Kundašpi, also written Kundashpi or Kundashpu, was a king of Kummuh, a Neo-Hittite state on the upper Euphrates, attested in Assyrian tribute lists of the 9th century BC.