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Israel and Judah: officials, priests, and private persons

56 articles

Abiathar

Abiathar (Hebrew Ebyathar) was a high priest of Israel under King David around 1000 BC, the sole survivor of the massacre of the priests at Nob.

Abishai (Biblical figure)

Abishai (Hebrew אֲבִישַׁי) was, according to the books of Samuel and Chronicles, a commander in King David's army, second only to his brother Joab, and eldest son of Zeruiah, David's sister.

Abner

Abner (Hebrew Avner) was a kinsman of King Saul and commander of his army who transferred the northern kingdom to David, and was murdered by Joab at Hebron around 1010 BC.

Ahijah of Shiloh

Ahijah of Shiloh, or Ahijah the Shilonite, was an Israelite prophet of the 10th century BC who foretold that Jeroboam would rule ten tribes breaking from Solomon's house.

Ahikam son of Shaphan

Ahikam (Hebrew אֲחִיקָם) was a high royal official of Judah in the late 7th century BC, son of the secretary Shaphan, father of Gedaliah, and protector of Jeremiah.

Ahimaaz

Ahimaaz, also rendered Achimaas, was the son of the high priest Zadok and a courier for David during Absalom's revolt, outrunning the Cushite to bring news of the victory.

Ahimelech

Ahimelech, also spelled Ahimelek, was a priest at Nob during Saul's reign who gave fleeing David the showbread and Goliath's sword, and was killed on Doeg's denunciation.

Ahinoam

Ahinoam, also known as Achinoam, of Jezreel was a wife of David and mother of his firstborn son Amnon; she married David during his outlaw years around 1000 BC.

Ahithophel

Ahithophel, also spelled Ahitophel (Hebrew אֲחִיתֹפֶל), was the Gilonite counselor of King David in the Hebrew Bible; he defected to Absalom's revolt and, when his advice was thwarted, hanged himself.

Ananiah (son of Azariah)

Ananiah, son of Azariah, also rendered Anani, was a Jewish servitor of the temple of Yahu at Elephantine in Egypt, known from his family archive of Aramaic papyri.

Aristobulus III

Aristobulus III, Hebrew name Jonathan, was the last Hasmonean high priest of Judea and brother of Herod the Great's wife Mariamne, appointed in 36 BCE and drowned at Jericho in 35 BCE.

Bagohi

Bagohi (also Bagavahya, or Bagoas) was the Persian governor of Yehud under Darius II, known from the Elephantine papyri, active around 410 to 407 BCE.

Baruch (son of Neriah)

Baruch ben Neriah was the scribe and disciple of the prophet Jeremiah, writing his oracles at dictation and reading them publicly in the Temple around 605 BC.

Benaiah

Benaiah son of Jehoiada (Hebrew Benayahu) was a warrior from Kabzeel in Judah who commanded David's bodyguard and became commander-in-chief of the army under Solomon.

Ebed-melech

Ebed-melech was a Cushite official at the court of Zedekiah, king of Judah, who rescued the prophet Jeremiah from a cistern during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem.

Eliakim (son of Hilkiah)

Eliakim son of Hilkiah was the royal steward, the official over the household, of Judah under King Hezekiah, succeeding Shebna and leading talks with Assyrian envoys in 701 BC.

Eliashib (Arad scribe)

Eliashib, also spelled Elyashiv, was a Judahite army official, probably quartermaster of the fortress of Arad around 600 BCE, known from the Arad ostraca addressed to him.

Eliashib (High Priest of Yehud)

Eliashib was high priest of the Jerusalem temple in the Persian province of Yehud in the mid fifth century BC, named in the book of Nehemiah as builder of the Sheep Gate.

Elnathan son of Achbor

Elnathan son of Achbor (Hebrew אֶלְנָתָן, "God has given") was a Judean court official under King Jehoiakim, sent to Egypt to fetch the prophet Uriah.

Gad (prophet)

Gad the seer was a prophet at the court of King David in the Hebrew Bible, advising him in flight from Saul and announcing punishment for his census.

Gedaliah (son of Ahikam)

Gedaliah, also known as Gedalyahu ben Ahikam, was the Judean appointed by Nebuchadnezzar II to govern Judah after Jerusalem fell in 586 BCE, ruling from Mizpah until his murder.

Gedaliah son of Pashhur

Gedaliah son of Pashhur was a Judean official at Zedekiah's court who urged Jeremiah's death in Jeremiah 38:1; his seal impression was found in Jerusalem's City of David in 2008.

Gemariah (son of Shaphan)

Gemariah, also Gemaryahu, was a prince of Judah at King Jehoiakim's court around 605 BC, son of the scribe Shaphan, known from Jeremiah 36 and a bulla found in Jerusalem.

Hananiah (commander of the citadel)

Hananiah is a mid-5th-century BC official of Persian-period Yehud, named in Nehemiah 7:2 as commander of the citadel of Jerusalem and commended as more trustworthy and God-fearing than most.

Hilkiah

Hilkiah was the high priest of Judah under King Josiah, credited with finding the book of the law in the Temple of Jerusalem around 622 BC.

Hoshaiah (Judite soldier)

Hoshaiah (Hebrew Hoshayahu, also Hoshiyahu) was an officer in Judah's army stationed near Lachish, known only as the writer of several Lachish letters to his commander Yaush around 589 BC.

Huldah

Huldah (חֻלְדָּה) was a prophetess in Jerusalem during King Josiah's reign in the late 7th century BC, whose validation of a scroll found in the Temple triggered Josiah's religious reform.

Hushai

Hushai, also spelled Chusai, was a courtier of King David called the Archite and 'the king's friend', who defeated the counsel of Ahithophel during Absalom's revolt, as told in 2 Samuel 15–17.

Ishmael son of Nethaniah

Ishmael son of Nethaniah was a Judahite of royal descent who, after Jerusalem fell in 586 BC, assassinated Gedaliah, the governor at Mizpah, and fled to Ammon.

Jaazaniah (servant of the king)

Jaazaniah, also known as Jaazanyahu, is a Judahite royal officer known from a sixth-century BC stamp seal found at Tell en-Nasbeh, the site of biblical Mizpah.