29 articles
Amman Citadel inscription
The Amman Citadel inscription is an Ammonite building inscription of eight lines found in 1961 on the Citadel Hill of Amman, Jordan, among the earliest known texts in the Ammonite language.
Ammonite inscriptions
Ammonite inscriptions are the written record of the Iron Age kingdom of Ammon in the Transjordan, mostly seals dating from the ninth to fifth centuries BC.
Ammonite language
Ammonite is the Canaanite language of the Iron Age kingdom of Ammon, centered on Rabbat 'Ammān (modern Amman, Jordan), attested from the 9th to the 5th centuries BCE.
Ashdoda
The Ashdoda is an Iron Age clay figurine from Ashdod depicting a seated goddess whose body merges into her chair, a hallmark of early Philistine religion.
Balu'a Stele
The Balu'a Stele, also called the Al-Balu'a Stele, is a basalt relief monument found in 1930 at Khirbet al-Balu'a in Jordan, bearing an undeciphered hieroglyphic-style inscription.
Dadanitic inscriptions
Dadanitic inscriptions, also known as Dedanite inscriptions, are a corpus of roughly 2,000 stone texts carved at al-ʿUlā in northwest Saudi Arabia between about 600 and 100 BCE.
Dadanitic script
The Dadanitic script, formerly called Dedanite, is an Ancient North Arabian script used at the oasis of Dadan in northwest Arabia between the 6th and 1st centuries BCE.
Edomite language
Edomite is the Canaanite language of the Iron Age kingdom of Edom, south of the Dead Sea, attested in scarcely 30 inscriptions of the seventh and sixth centuries BC.
Edomite pottery
Edomite pottery, also called Busayra Painted Ware, is an Iron Age painted ceramic ware from Edom in southern Jordan, marked by black concentric circles over white slip.
Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription
The Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription, or Achish inscription, is a royal dedicatory text by Akhayus (Achish), ruler of Ekron, found at Tel Miqne in 1996, the most complete Philistine text known.
Hismaic script
Hismaic, formerly called Thamudic E, is an Ancient North Arabian script and dialect of Old Arabic, carved mainly in the Ḥismā desert of southern Jordan and north-west Saudi Arabia.
Idumaean ostraca
The Idumaean ostraca are about 2,000 Aramaic ink notes on pottery sherds from fourth-century BCE Idumea, mostly delivery records naming some 600 personal names; most surfaced on the antiquities market after 1991.
Kerak Inscription
The Kerak Inscription, also called the El-Kerak Inscription, is a three-line Moabite-language inscription on polished basalt found at Kerak, Jordan, in 1958 and dated to the late 9th century BC.
Lihyan
Lihyan, also known as Dedan-Lihyan, was a kingdom of northwest Arabia centered on the oasis of Dadan, at modern al-ʿUlā, flourishing from the 6th to 1st century BCE.
Madaba Nabataean Inscriptions
The Madaba Nabataean Inscriptions are funerary and legal Nabataean texts found at Madaba in central Jordan, including the tomb inscription of Itaybel dated to AD 37.
Midianite pottery
Midianite pottery, known as Qurayyah Painted Ware, is a painted pottery of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, made at Qurayyah in northwest Arabia.
Nabataean Aramaic
Nabataean Aramaic is the Aramaic variety of the Nabataeans, an Arab kingdom ruled from Petra, known for about 6,000 inscriptions and as the ancestor of the Arabic script.
Philistine bichrome ware
Philistine bichrome ware, also called Philistine 2, is red-and-black painted Iron Age I pottery of Philistia, dated about 1150–1000 BC and a key marker of early Philistine settlement.
Philistine language
The Philistine language is the poorly attested language of the Philistines of Iron Age Philistia, known from about 40 inscriptions, of which only the Ekron dedication is a complete text.
Phoenician arrowheads
Phoenician arrowheads are bronze arrowheads of the 11th and 10th centuries BC bearing short owner inscriptions in an early Phoenician alphabet, with 68 known by 2020.
Phoenician papyrus letters
The Phoenician papyrus letters, also called Phoenician papyri, are the only two known Phoenician papyri, both letters from Egypt: one from Saqqara, dated to the sixth century BCE, and one kept in Cairo.
Ruwafa inscriptions
The Ruwafa inscriptions are five Greek and Nabataean texts, including a bilingual, recording the building of a temple at Ruwāfah in northwest Saudi Arabia by the Thamūd, 166–169 AD.
Safaitic
Safaitic is an ancient alphabet and Old Arabic dialect of tens of thousands of rock inscriptions carved by nomads in the basalt deserts of Syria and Jordan.
Sela inscription
The Sela inscription, also written Sela' or as-Sila', is a Neo-Babylonian cuneiform rock inscription and relief of Nabonidus, last king of Babylon, carved on a cliff in southern Jordan.
Tayma inscriptions
The Tayma inscriptions, also called the Teima inscriptions, are a corpus of 131 texts carved at the oasis of Tayma in northwest Saudi Arabia, mostly in Aramaic.
Tayma Stele of Nabonidus
The Tayma Stele of Nabonidus is a fragmentary stone monument of Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon, discovered at the oasis of Tayma in Arabia in 2004 and inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform.
Tel Qasile ostracon
The Tel Qasile ostraca are two pottery sherds written in early Hebrew, found at Tell Qasile on Israel's Yarkon River and dated to the eighth century BCE.
Tell es-Safi ostracon
The Tell es-Safi ostracon, also called the Tell es-Safi inscription, is a pottery sherd from Philistine Gath in Israel, incised with seven letters around 950 BCE and read as two names, one close to Goliath.
Tell Siran bottle
The Tell Siran bottle is a small bronze bottle found in 1972 at Tell Siran near Amman, bearing a complete 92-letter Ammonite inscription naming three generations of Ammonite kings.