61 articles
Alalakh Level VII tablets
The Alalakh Level VII tablets, or Alalah VII archive, are cuneiform tablets from a palace at Tell Atchana, Turkey, dating to the 17th century BC.
Amorite language
Amorite is an extinct Northwest Semitic language spoken by the Amorites of the Syrian steppe, known almost entirely from proper names in Akkadian cuneiform texts.
An = Anum
An = Anum is the longest and most comprehensive god list of ancient Mesopotamia, a Babylonian lexical series cataloging roughly 2000 deities in equational form.
Angim
Angim, titled An-gim dím-ma ('Created like the god An'), is a Sumerian šir-gida hymn celebrating the war god Ninurta's return from battle to his father Enlil's city, Nippur.
Babylonian Almanac
The Babylonian Almanac is a cuneiform hemerological text that classifies every day of an ideal 360-day year, the most fundamental text of Mesopotamian day-list hemerology.
Chagar Bazar tablets
The Chagar Bazar tablets, also known as the Ashnakkum tablets, are an Old Babylonian archive of cuneiform records from Ašnakkum in the Habur triangle, Syria, found by Max Mallowan in 1935.
Code of Lipit-Ishtar
The Code of Lipit-Ishtar, also called the Laws of Lipit-Ishtar, is a Sumerian-language legal collection attributed to Lipit-Ishtar, fifth king of the First Dynasty of Isin.
Decad (Sumerian texts)
The Decad is a group of ten Sumerian literary compositions taught in a fixed order at the advanced stage of Old Babylonian scribal education, about 1900–1600 BC.
Dialogue between a Man and His God
The Dialogue between a Man and His God is an Old Babylonian Akkadian poem of sixty-nine lines in which a suffering man complains to his god and is healed.
Early Assyrian period
The Early Assyrian period is a phase of Assyrian history covering Aššur, a city-state on the Tigris, ending around 2025 BC with the Old Assyrian period.
Emutbal
Emutbal, also written Yamut-Bal, was an ancient land east of the Tigris River, rising in 1834 BC under the Amorite Kudur-Mabuk and taken over by Hammurabi in 1763 BC.
Enūma Eliš
Enūma Eliš, also called Enuma Elish, is a Babylonian Akkadian creation poem on seven tablets, probably composed in the twelfth century BC, celebrating the god Marduk.
Eridu Genesis
The Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Flood Story, is an Old Babylonian Sumerian text recounting creation, the first five cities, and a flood survived by Ziusudra.
First Babylonian dynasty
The First Babylonian dynasty, also called the Amorite dynasty, was a line of eleven Amorite-origin kings who ruled Babylon for about 300 years, from 1894 to 1595 BC.
First Dynasty of Isin
The First Dynasty of Isin, also called the Isin dynasty, was a Mesopotamian dynasty founded by Ishbi-Erra that ruled from about 2017 to 1794 BC.
Hana texts
The Hana texts are the cuneiform tablets of the kingdom of Hana (Khana), a Syrian kingdom on the middle Euphrates, dating from about 1750 BC into the 16th century BC.
IM 67118
IM 67118 is an Old Babylonian mathematical clay tablet from the Eshnunna region, kept in the National Museum of Iraq, known for an early proof of the Pythagorean rule.
Ishchali tablets
The Ishchali tablets are cuneiform administrative and legal records excavated at Tell Ishchali, ancient Nerebtum in the Diyala region, during the Oriental Institute's 1934–1936 dig.
Isin-Larsa period
The Isin-Larsa period is the era of southern Mesopotamian history, ca. 2004–1763 BC, when the rival dynasties of Isin and Larsa disputed control of Sumer until Hammurabi of Babylon captured Larsa.
Karum
A kārum, originally meaning quay or harbor, was the merchant district and trading colony that Assyrian traders from Assur kept in Anatolian cities from about 2000 to 1750 BCE.
Kingdom of Ḫana
The Kingdom of Ḫana, also written Khana, was a Syrian kingdom of the second millennium BC centered on Terqa in the Middle Euphrates region, arising after the fall of Mari.
Lament for Nippur
The Lament for Nippur, also called the Lament for Nibru, is a Sumerian literary composition mourning the destruction of Nippur, the god Enlil's city, and its restoration.
Lament for Uruk
The Lament for Uruk, also known as the Lament for Unug, is a Sumerian city lament mourning the destruction of Unug, composed after the fall of Ur in 2004 BCE.
Larsa dynasty
The Larsa dynasty, also called the First Dynasty of Larsa, was an Amorite dynasty of Larsa in southern Iraq, ended by Hammurabi in 1763 BC.
Laws of Eshnunna
The Laws of Eshnunna, also called the Code of Eshnunna, is an Old Babylonian collection of 60 Akkadian legal rules, the earliest known in that language.
Letter from Iddin-Sin to Zinu
The Letter from Iddin-Sin to Zinu is an Old Babylonian clay tablet in the Louvre where a young man complains to his mother about his clothing.
Mari Eponym Chronicle
The Mari Eponym Chronicle, an Old Babylonian copy found in the palace of Zimri-Lim at Mari, names each year's Assyrian eponym and records the year's main political event.
Mišarum
Mišarum, an Akkadian word meaning 'justice', was an Old Babylonian royal edict canceling debts, remitting palace arrears, and freeing debt slaves, proclaimed by Babylonian kings from 2004 to 1595 BC.
Mushkenum
Mushkenum (muškēnum) is a person's status in Old Babylonian law codes of about 2000–1600 BC, ranked between the free awīlum and the enslaved wardum, and long debated by Assyriologists.
Naditu
Naditu (Nadītum, LUKUR) was an Old Babylonian-period woman dedicated to gods in cities like Sippar, a legal status allowing her to buy real estate, lease land, and lend silver.