1,122 articles
Lugalannatum
Lugalannatum, also written Lugalanatum, was an ensi, or governor-ruler, of the Mesopotamian city-state of Umma around 2130 BC, known from a dedication inscription naming Si'um as king of Gutium.
Lugalbanda
Lugalbanda, also Lugulbanda, is a legendary king of Uruk in the Sumerian King List, hero of two Sumerian epics, husband of Ninsun, and father of Gilgamesh.
Lugalshaengur
Lugalshaengur (Lugal-sha-engur) was an early ruler, or ensi, of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, known only from a mace-head inscription of Mesalim, king of Kish.
Lugalsilâsi I
Lugalsilâsi I is a ruler of the Uruk II dynasty known only from the Sumerian King List, with no contemporary inscription attesting him, dated to the mid-3rd millennium BC.
Lugalzagesi
Lugalzagesi, also known as Lugalzaggisi, was a Sumerian king of Umma and then Uruk, the last overlord of Mesopotamia before Sargon of Akkad defeated and captured him.
Lugalzagesi's conquest of Lagash
Lugalzagesi's conquest of Lagash was the defeat and sack of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash by Lugalzagesi of Umma around 2350 BC, ending Urukagina's reign.
Lullaya
Lullaya, also transliterated Lullaia, was an early Assyrian king, entry 53 in the Assyrian King List, a "son of a nobody" who seized power and ruled 6 years.
Lyres of Ur
The Lyres of Ur are wooden lyres and harps buried with elite dead in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, southern Iraq, around 2600 BC, excavated by Leonard Woolley.
Mamagal
Mamagal is a legendary king of Kish in the Sumerian King List's Second Dynasty, father of Kalbum, assigned a reign of 360 or 420 years.
Mandaru
Mandaru is the sixth of seventeen early "kings who lived in tents" in the Assyrian King List, named between Harharu and Imsu; the list assigns him no regnal years.
Manishtushu
Manishtushu (Man-ištūšu, 𒈠𒀭𒅖𒌅𒋢), third king of the Akkadian Empire (c. 2269–2255 BC), son of Sargon and brother of Rimush; known for the Obelisk of Manishtushu land purchases, Elam and Gulf campaigns, and standardized royal statues.
Manishtushu Obelisk
The Manishtushu Obelisk is a four-sided inscribed stone monument of Akkadian king Manishtushu, recording his purchase of large tracts of land around Kish about 2270 BC.
Manishtushu's campaign against Anshan and Shirihum
Manishtushu's campaign against Anshan and Shirihum was a military expedition of Manishtushu, king of Akkad, against Anshan, the highland capital of Elam, in the later 23rd century BC.
Manishtushu's campaign against Magan
Manishtushu's campaign against Magan was a seaborne expedition of c. 2270 BC in which Manishtushu, third king of Akkad, crossed the Persian Gulf and defeated a coalition of thirty-two kings.
Maqlû
Maqlû (Akkadian for "Burning") is the longest anti-witchcraft ritual known from ancient Mesopotamia: eight tablets of almost one hundred incantations performed over one night and morning, burning effigies of witches.
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina was the third king of Babylon's Dynasty of E, a line that held the city after the Kassite dynasty fell; he reigned from 942 BC to an unknown end.
Mar-biti-apla-uṣur
Mar-biti-apla-uṣur, also written Mar-biti-apla-usur, was a king of Babylon of Elamite origin, reigning around 984–79 BC as the only recorded king of the Elamite dynasty.
Mar-Issar
Mar-Issar, also written Mār-Ištar, was a Babylonian scholar and astrologer in the service of King Esarhaddon, based in Babylon and known from 24 letters reporting celestial omens.
Marduk
Marduk (Sumerian amar.utu, 'calf of the sun'), patron god of Babylon, rose from local agrarian deity to king of the gods via Enuma Elish; his Esagil temple, statue abductions, and rivalry with Assyria's Ashur distinguish him.
Marduk Prophecy
The Marduk Prophecy is an Akkadian text in which the god Marduk recounts his removals from Babylon and prophesies a king who will restore him, probably written under Nebuchadnezzar I.
Marduk-ahhe-eriba
Marduk-ahhe-eriba (Marduk-aḫḫē-erība) was a king of Babylon, the ninth ruler of the Second Dynasty of Isin, who reigned briefly around 1061 BC and is known only from king lists.
Marduk-apla-iddina I
Marduk-apla-iddina I, also known as Merodach-Baladan I, was a Kassite king of Babylon who reigned about 13 years, c. 1171–1159 BC, and is known from a kudurru in the Louvre.
Marduk-apla-iddina II
Marduk-apla-iddina II, known in the Hebrew Bible as Merodach-Baladan, was a Chaldean king of Babylon from 721 or 722 to 710 BC and again briefly in 703 BC.
Marduk-apla-usur
Marduk-apla-uṣur was a Chaldean king of Babylon in the early 8th century BC, reigning very speculatively ca. 780–769 BC and known only from three inscriptions.
Marduk-balassu-iqbi
Marduk-balassu-iqbi, also known as Marduk-balašu-iqbi, was king of Babylon from about 819 to 813 BC, remembered chiefly for his defeat and deportation to Assyria by Šamši-Adad V.
Marduk-bel-zeri
Marduk-bel-zeri was a king of Babylon of the early 8th century BC, placed between Ninurta-apla-X and Marduk-apla-usur in Dynasty E of the Babylonian King List.
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu (Marduk-kābit-aḫḫēšu) was the founder and first king of the Second Dynasty of Isin of Babylon, ruling c. 1152–1135 BC after the Kassite dynasty's collapse.
Marduk-nadin-ahhe
Marduk-nadin-ahhe, also known as Marduk-nadin-akhi, was king of Babylon from about 1099 to 1082 BC, the sixth ruler of the Second Dynasty of Isin and brother of Nebuchadnezzar I.
Marduk-shakin-shumi
Marduk-šākin-šumi was chief exorcist (rab āšipī) at the Neo-Assyrian royal court of King Esarhaddon in the 7th century BC, known from letters he sent the king in 670 BC.
Marduk-shapik-zeri
Marduk-shapik-zeri (Marduk-šāpik-zēri) was the seventh king of Babylon's Second Dynasty of Isin, son of Marduk-nādin-ahhē, who reigned 13 years, c. 1081–1069 BC, rebuilding Babylon's wall and bringing prosperity after famine.